Planning to fail? Leveraging the Olympic bid

Bason, Tom; Grix, Jonathan

doi:10.1108/mip-06-2017-0106

Cited by 35 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…A critical requirement of event leveraging is how to accommodate an eclectic mix of stakeholders. Integrating this mix of stakeholders from local authorities to business groups and MSBs and creating networking areas may support the possibility of realizing favorable outcomes, particularly through access to dedicated physical spaces for MSB leverage (Bason & Grix, 2018;Duignan et al, 2018). This is significant as MSEs can mobilize the possibilities of planned and unplanned business exchanges, as well as assisting with relationshipbuilding activities for small businesses to leverage the B2B opportunities for long-term economic success (O'Brien, 2006;O'Brien & Gardiner, 2006).…”

Section: Leverageable Phase: Bidding and Selectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, MSEs provide the foundation for businesses to generate new contacts and build relationships between suppliers and buyers (Chalip, 2004). Similarly, leveraging city bidding business networks can be useful, whereby local firms and internationally known corporate resources are combined (Bason & Grix, 2018 teams are normally public-private coalitions (e.g., local/national government, policy makers) competing to secure the hosting contract from the event owners, including the IOC (Bason & Grix, 2018;Lauermann, 2014) and FIFA. Having a seat at the table during the bid process is critical if a clearer and stronger voice for MSBs is to be sustained once the bid has been won.…”

Section: Leverageable Phase: Bidding and Selectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mega-Sport Events, Micro and Small Business Leveraging: Introducing the "MSE–MSB Leverage Model"

Kirby¹,

Duignan²,

McGillivray³

2018

Event Management

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Micro and small business (MSB) interests legitimize mega-sport event (MSE) candidature bids. Yet, MSB interests can be sidelined in the event lead up, live staging, and legacy periods. This article provides a detailed: 1) review of MSE impacts on existing MSBs residing within targeted host communities, 2) conceptual and practical examination of MSE leveraging opportunities, 3) synthesis of good inclusionary practices identified in previous MSE case studies. As a result, a series of general and specific ways MSEs can foster MSB leveraging and legitimize local interests are suggested. We present a comprehensive analysis of key works since mid-1990s related to the themes identified above. Our analysis identifies that there is limited conceptual and empirical research on MSB impact and leveraging activities in the context of MSEs, yet significant evidence points to negative experiences, disruption, and displacement effects on residential (host) communities. We purposively focus on good practice in the context of other MSEs from the Olympics Games (e.g., London 2012, Rio 2016) and FIFA World Cup (e.g., South Africa, 2010) to inform recommendations and managerial implications. We outline a systematic series of ways MSBs can be structurally excluded from accessing MSE leveraging opportunities. Building on Chalip's widely adopted event leverage model (ELM), we present the "MSE-MSB Leverage Model" to illustrate how MSEs can (re)position MSBs as legitimate stakeholders to support greater leveraging opportunities and better (re)distribute event benefits back into host communities across planning and delivery stages. These range from reconfiguring: 1) event planning principles and policies, 2) regulatory and trading environments, and 3) the development of MSB business-to-business networks and partnerships.

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Section: Leverageable Phase: Bidding and Selectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Leverageable Phase: Bidding and Selectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mega-Sport Events, Micro and Small Business Leveraging: Introducing the "MSE–MSB Leverage Model"

Kirby¹,

Duignan²,

McGillivray³

2018

Event Management

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“…While our study suggests that Tokyo 2020 organisers were largely reactive to child rights issues arising in relation to the event, there are some positive signs of progress in the MSE human rights landscape, more generally. In recent years the IOC has been subject to intensive media pressure to follow FIFA in requiring bidders to include detailed human rights risk assessments in their submissions (Bason and Grix, 2018). These risk assessments require potential hosts to consider a range of rights issues, including consideration of the rights of children in the host country as the Games are planned and delivered.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Embedding Child Rights Principles and Practises in Mega Sport Event Planning

Oluwaseyi

McGillivray

Carnicelli

et al. 2021

Front. Sports Act. Living

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Recently, there has been growing concern about the lack of intentionality of mega sport event (MSE) organisers in ensuring that child rights are adequately respected, protected and promoted before, during, and after the events take place. In the context of the summer Olympic Games, reported child rights infringements have been on the rise, both in relation to abuse in sport itself and the negative consequences associated with planning and delivering the Games. In response to reports of child rights infringements, a coalition of actors, including non-governmental and civil society organisations have sought to pressure event owners and organisers to strengthen protections in the planning and delivery of their events. To date, however, child rights commitments have not been fully embedded in policies and principles guiding the planning and delivery of the Olympic Games. In this article, we explore the field of child rights in the context of the Olympic Games, focusing on a case study of the Tokyo 2020 edition. Drawing on documentary analysis and semi-structured interviews with Tokyo 2020 stakeholders and affiliates, detailed appraisal of the planning process was undertaken. Findings show that while the Japanese authorities have signed up to international child rights conventions and embedded some child participation strategies in Games-related activity, there was little evidence that Tokyo 2020 organisers had developed or implemented robust policies, principles or practises to respect, protect and promote child rights in Games planning. This absence, we argue, is because there was no requirement to embed child rights commitments during the bidding or planning phases, as the IOC had yet to enshrine human rights in its host city contract when the Games were first awarded to Tokyo. In conclusion, we argue that it is imperative the IOC embeds child rights principles and protocols in the bidding and planning processes to ensure that the risks to children are foregrounded and acted upon by host cities and their partners, elevating human rights to a position equal to other Games requirements. This study is of international significance as the evidence will aid future host city bidders to ensure children's rights are embedded in MSE policies for each nation.

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“…To this respect, Gibson et al (2014) noted that feelings of event-related pride/euphoria and social cohesion increased from pre to post-event. These suggested positive impacts are part of the rationale for some cities that bid to host sport mega eventsby claiming opportunities to unite its citizens, whether on a national scale or within local communities (Bason and Grix, 2018). Furthermore, hosting sport mega events often provides the opportunity for governments who seek to attract tourism and foreign investment besides being part of a state's wider soft power strategies (Grix and Houlihan, 2014).…”

Section: Theoretical Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

The social impact of the 2016 Rio Olympic Games: comparison of residents' pre- and post-event perceptions

Ribeiro

Correia

Biscaia

2020

SBM

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PurposeDespite the recognition that citizens' perceptions of mega sport events' social impact is critical for the sustainable development of these events and host cities, most previous studies have not taken into consideration how these perceptions may change over time. This study examines citizens' social impact perceptions of the 2016 Rio Olympic Games before and after the event.Design/methodology/approachData were collected amongst local residents of Rio de Janeiro pre- and post-event (n = 256). A confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) analysed the psychometric properties of the proposed social impact constructs. Subsequently, a multigroup analysis and latent mean comparisons were conducted to test social impact perceptions pre- and post-event.FindingsThe multigroup CFA showed factorial stability of the social impact model in both periods, while the latent mean comparisons revealed significant differences in the dimensions of social experiences, city image and community pride enhancement, public infrastructures and social conflicts. Results indicated that the perception of positive impacts tends to increase, while perceived negative impacts decrease from pre- to post-event.Social implicationsThe social effects of hosting sport mega events result in a short-term change in attitudes towards the local community, leading to a better comprehension on how communities perceive the event's impact on their lives.Originality/valueIn a highly complex mega event such as the Olympic Games, any change may influence residents' perceptions. The findings of this study demonstrate the importance of residents for determining support or opposition in hosting the event, allowing a better understanding of the exchange effects.

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Planning to fail? Leveraging the Olympic bid

Cited by 35 publications

References 28 publications

Mega-Sport Events, Micro and Small Business Leveraging: Introducing the "MSE–MSB Leverage Model"

Mega-Sport Events, Micro and Small Business Leveraging: Introducing the "MSE–MSB Leverage Model"

Embedding Child Rights Principles and Practises in Mega Sport Event Planning

The social impact of the 2016 Rio Olympic Games: comparison of residents' pre- and post-event perceptions

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