Planning Skills of Adolescents With ADHD

Boyer, Bianca; Geurts, Hilde M.; Oord, Saskia Van der

doi:10.1177/1087054714538658

Cited by 32 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 57 publications

(150 reference statements)

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“…Based on these results, one might argue that effects of CBT that are visible in ratings of adolescent behavior are not associated with changes on a cognitive level. However, although the adolescents were impaired on parent-rated planning deficits at baseline, our sample showed no deficits in planning skills as assessed by neuropsychological tasks at baseline [59], making it hard to capture the effects of CBT on these outcomes. One might wonder whether neuropsychological measures of underlying mechanisms are suitable and sensitive for assessment of psychosocial treatment outcomes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 77%

Two novel CBTs for adolescents with ADHD: the value of planning skills

Boyer

Geurts

Prins

et al. 2014

Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry

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Adolescents with ADHD have planning problems, often affecting school- and social functioning. Evidence-based treatments for adolescents with ADHD are scarce and treatment drop-out rates are substantial. The effectiveness of two new, individual, short-term cognitive behavioral therapies (CBT) was investigated: One with an aim on improving planning skills and one solution-focused treatment (SFT) without such an aim. Motivational Interviewing elements were added to both treatments to enhance treatment compliance. In a multi-center randomized clinical trial, 159 adolescents (12-17 years) with ADHD were randomly assigned to one of both treatments. Pre-, post- and 3-month follow-up data were gathered on five domains: Parent-rated ADHD, planning problems and executive functioning (primary outcomes), neuropsychological measures of planning, comorbid symptoms, general functioning, and teacher measures. Attrition was low in both treatments (5%). Adolescents improved significantly between pre- and post-test with large effect sizes on all domains. Improvements remained stable or continued to improve from post-test to follow-up, also when controlling for medication use. Marginally significant differences were found in favor of the planning-focused treatment: parents and therapists evaluated this treatment more positively than SFT and the planning-focused treatment showed more reduction of parent-rated planning problems. Two new CBTs with integrated motivational components were feasible and attrition was low. ADHD symptoms and co-existing problems of the adolescents improved from pre-test to 3 months after treatment. As the planning-focused treatment was evaluated more positive and had marginal additional beneficial effects to SFT, especially planning-focused CBT seems promising to fill the gap in available treatments for adolescents with ADHD.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 77%

Two novel CBTs for adolescents with ADHD: the value of planning skills

Boyer

Geurts

Prins

et al. 2014

Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry

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“…Whole-brain analyses revealed under-activation in right IFG/DLPFC cluster in the ASD+ADHD relative to the TD group [ p = 0.033, t = 4.2, ( 8 , 32 , 36 ), k E = 440], which was preserved when medication status was covaried [ p = 0.002, t = 4.5, ( 10 , 10 , 48 ), k E = 864 voxels] but did not survive after covarying for IQ, after covarying for both medication status and IQ, or in the sensitivity analysis excluding those who were prescribed medication. No other comparisons between the clinical and TD groups yielded significant differences.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Perceptual timing, i.e., “the ability to estimate explicitly attended temporal intervals” ( 7 ), could be used for investigating potentially different underlying substrates of the pure disorders and of the comorbid disorder. People with both psychiatric conditions are often impaired in daily functions involving timing and time perception skills, including planning and organizing ( 8 – 11 ). Impaired timing is a major pathway to ADHD ( 7 , 12 – 14 ) and symptoms of impulsivity, such as verbal blurting and aversion toward delays, have been found to be correlated with impaired time perception ( 14 – 16 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neural Correlates of Duration Discrimination in Young Adults with Autism Spectrum Disorder, Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and Their Comorbid Presentation

et al. 2018

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Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) often co-occur and share neurocognitive deficits. One such shared impairment is in duration discrimination. However, no studies using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) have investigated whether these duration discrimination deficits are underpinned by the same or different underlying neurofunctional processes. In this study, we used fMRI to compare the neurofunctional correlates of duration discrimination between young adult males with ASD (n = 23), ADHD (n = 25), the comorbid condition of ASD+ADHD (n = 24), and typical development (TD, n = 26) using both region of interest (ROI) and whole brain analyses. Both the ROI and the whole-brain analyses showed that the comorbid ASD+ADHD group compared to controls, and for the ROI analysis relative to the other patient groups, had significant under-activation in right inferior frontal cortex (IFG) a key region for duration discrimination that is typically under-activated in boys with ADHD. The findings show that in young adult males with pure ASD, pure ADHD and comorbid ASD+ADHD with no intellectual disability, only the comorbid group demonstrates neurofunctional deficits in a typical duration discrimination region.

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“…Although at the start of the study, we anticipated that teaching planning skills in daily life may also influence the performance on a neuropsychological task, in hindsight, one could wonder whether a treatment that focuses on planning skills at a behavioral level (making to do lists, using a daily planner) can alter these neuropsychological functions. The treatment focuses on usage of compensatory strategies for these deficits and may not ameliorate the deficits themselves (Boyer, Geurts, & Van der Oord, 2018). Moreover, performance-based planning measures such as the Tower Test have low ecological validity and do not correlate with questionnaires rated daily life planning deficits (Boyer et al, 2018; Toplak, West, & Stanovich, 2013).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The treatment focuses on usage of compensatory strategies for these deficits and may not ameliorate the deficits themselves (Boyer, Geurts, & Van der Oord, 2018). Moreover, performance-based planning measures such as the Tower Test have low ecological validity and do not correlate with questionnaires rated daily life planning deficits (Boyer et al, 2018; Toplak, West, & Stanovich, 2013).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%