Planning renewable energy in rural areas: Impacts on occupation and land use

Poggi, Francesca; Firmino, Ana Maria Viegas; Amado, Miguel P.

doi:10.1016/j.energy.2018.05.009

Cited by 106 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Negative public perception of transmission lines adds to the challenge of connecting these decentralized energy technologies to urban centers of consumption (Soini et al, 2011). To achieve their renewable energy goals, municipalities will need to balance the need for renewable energy supplies with the impact of deploying its infrastructure in rural areas (Poggi et al, 2018).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sedimentary basin geothermal favourability mapping and power generation assessments

et al. 2018

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Mitigating climate change requires elimination of fossil fuel related greenhouse gas emissions. Transitioning electricity generation to low-carbon sources and substituting fossil fuels with electricity in non-electric sectors is considered to be a key strategy. This dissertation investigates resource options to and land area impacts of decarbonizing electricity generation and electrifying adjacent sectors. Three studies analyze transition options in the western Canadian provinces of Alberta and British Columbia. The first study investigates technology transition pathways and land area impacts of reducing electricity generation related carbon emissions in fossil fuel-dominated Alberta. A final 70% share of wind, solar, and hydro power reduces emissions by 90% between 2015 and 2060. This scenario requires designating 5% additional land area to electricity generation annually. Land is largely designated to the required space between wind turbines, with smaller areas attributed to ground-mounted solar and hydro power. System planners can reduce the land area impacts by deploying more compact geothermal, rooftop solar and natural gas with carbon capture and sequestration (CCS) technologies. These technology compositions can hold land area impacts constant in time if depleted natural gas and CCS infrastructure is expediently reclaimed, but total net present system costs increase by 11% over the 45-year period. Without reclamation, fuel extraction and carbon sequestration increase land area impacts at least fourfold within this time period. The second study investigates sedimentary basin geothermal resources in northeastern British Columbia. Geothermal energy is a potentially low-cost, low-carbon, dispatchable resource for electricity generation with a relatively small land area impact. A two-step method first geospatially overlays economic and geological criteria to highlight areas favourable to geothermal development. Next, the Volume Method applies petroleum exploration and production data in Monte Carlo probability simulations to estimate electricity generation potential at the four areas with highest favourability (Clarke Lake, Jedney, Horn River, and Prophet River). The total power generation potential of all four areas is determined to be 107 MW. Volume normalized reservoir potentials range from 1.8 xvi Dedication I dedicate this dissertation to my parents, Richard and Dagmar Palmer-Wilson, and to my grandparents, Gerhard and Ilka Radke. The weight of this work calmly rests on their unending love, support, patience and wisdom. "Wenn die Kinder jung sind, gib ihnen tiefe Wurzeln. Danach gib ihnen Flügel." Table 1-1 Attribution of contributions to chapters 3 to 5 Contributor Contributions Ch.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sedimentary basin geothermal favourability mapping and power generation assessments

et al. 2018

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“…They note that this is largely dependent on a given technology and the researcher's overall experience in renewable energy, as well as the level of experience in the field of energy autonomy. The last of the terms, i.e., energy autonomy, may be important in the future because the interesting vision is the role of rural areas as renewable energy exporters to cities in order to meet their growing energy demand [41].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Energetic and Environmental Aspects of Individual Heat Generation for Sustainable Development at a Local Scale—A Case Study from Poland

2020

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The housing sector, especially with respect to energy generation to provide heating and domestic hot water, has been identified, after transport, as contributing the most to air pollution and the occurrence of low emissions in Poland. In particular, this applies to areas where there is a lack of heating and gas networks. This paper presents the results of calculations relating to the emission of atmospheric pollutants (TSP—total suspended particles as particulate matter PM10 and PM2.5, SOx—sulphur dioxide, NOx—nitrogen dioxide, CO—carbon monoxide) from individual sources of heat. The fact that a commune that does not have the network infrastructure, noted above, was taken into consideration, and the structure of heat generation was estimated on the basis of coal, fuel oil and biomass. The analysis was carried out taking into account the variable heat generation structure in households depending on the fuels used, including the heating values of fuels and the efficiency of heating devices. Based on the calculations carried out, an ecological effect was obtained by assuming the replacement of heat sources by devices with higher efficiency and also by considering the possibility of using heat pumps as a zero-emission solution in the households. This article attempts to answer the question posed by municipal authorities on how to limit the negative impact on the environment of individual heating devices in order to achieve sustainable development, including the specific conditions resulting from limited infrastructural opportunities.

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“…The occupation of arable land (by the plant) plays an important role on the use phase [65]. Thanks to its high efficiency, a combination of both agriculture and concentrating photovoltaics can be explored [66,67]. This may reduce the competition between food production and solar electricity.…”

Section: Important Aspect and Sensitivity Analysis Related To Impact mentioning

confidence: 99%

Life Cycle Assessment of New High Concentration Photovoltaic (HCPV) Modules and Multi-Junction Cells

Payet

Greffe

2019

Energies

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Worldwide electricity consumption increases by 2.6% each year. Greenhouse gas emissions due to electricity production raise by 2.1% per year on average. The development of efficient low-carbon-footprint renewable energy systems is urgently needed. CPVMatch investigates the feasibility of mirror or lens-based High Concentration Photovoltaic (HCPV) systems. Thanks to innovative four junction solar cells, new glass coatings, Position Sensitive Detectors (PSD), and DC/DC converters, it is possible to reach concentration levels higher than 800× and a module efficiency between 36.7% and 41.6%. From a circular economy's standpoint, the use of concentration technologies lowers the need in active material, increases recyclability, and reduces the risk of material contamination. By using the Life Cycle Assessment method, it is demonstrated that HCPV presents a carbon footprint ranking between 16.4 and 18.4 g CO 2 -eq/kWh. A comparison with other energy means for 16 impact categories including primary energy demand and particle emissions points out that the environmental footprint of HCPV is typically 50 to 100 times lower than fossil fuels footprint. HCPV's footprint is also three times lower than that of crystalline photovoltaic solutions and is close to the environmental performance of wind power and hydropower.mounted with polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) Fresnel lenses on modules. Raw material extraction and component manufacturing, considering steel and aluminum, contributed the most to the impact. The 'Apollon CPV module' LCA evaluation revealed that aluminum and electronic components were the most impacting processes [29]. The carbon footprint of the system mounted on a two-axis tracker in Catania was estimated at 20 g CO 2 -eq/kWh.De Wild-Scholten [30] determined greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions for a SolarTec based on a Fresnel lens and CPower mounted with a mirror that concentrates the light on monocrystalline silicon and III-V solar cells. They reported GHG emissions of 35 g CO 2 -eq/kWh for a CPower module on an optimized tracker operating in Catania, Sicily. However, in the same study and under the same conditions, a SolarTec module presents an actual performance of 42 g CO 2 -eq/kWh.The nature of the consumed electricity mix for HCPV module manufacturing highly influences the climate change impact. Fthenakis V.M. [31] reported 27 g CO 2 -eq/kWh over a 30 year operation for the Ammonix 7700 26-kW HCPV system equipped with single-crystal Si cells installed in Phoenix, AZ, USA. The tracker and the module accounted for the largest part of its life cycle energy use and emissions. A previous study in 2007 [32] made very similar conclusions. However, it reported 38 g CO 2 -eq/kWh for the 24 kW-Ammonix concentrator PV system with single-crystal Si cells. Also, a study presenting FLATCON results, with a HCPV system, also presented similar results with 30 CO 2 -eq/kWh [33].A novel wafer-bonded four-junction solar cell was developed for better spectral matching by European research institutes and industrial partners using ne...

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Planning renewable energy in rural areas: Impacts on occupation and land use

Cited by 106 publications

References 30 publications

Sedimentary basin geothermal favourability mapping and power generation assessments

Sedimentary basin geothermal favourability mapping and power generation assessments

Energetic and Environmental Aspects of Individual Heat Generation for Sustainable Development at a Local Scale—A Case Study from Poland

Life Cycle Assessment of New High Concentration Photovoltaic (HCPV) Modules and Multi-Junction Cells

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