Planning hydrological restoration of peatlands in Indonesia to mitigate carbon dioxide emissions

Jaenicke, Julia; Wösten, Henk; Budiman, Arif; Siegert, Florian

doi:10.1007/s11027-010-9214-5

Cited by 103 publications

(97 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…(Hope et al, 2005). The peat in Kalimantan is of the ombrogenous type (Jaenicke et al, 2010;Page et al, 2004). This type of land potentially stores more water than any other type of land because of the sponge nature of the pores.…”

Section: Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

Flood occurrence mapping of the middle Mahakam lowland area using satellite radar

Hidayat

Hoekman

Vissers³

et al. 2012

Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci.

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Abstract. Floodplain lakes and peatlands in the middle Mahakam lowland area are considered as ecologically important wetland in East Kalimantan, Indonesia. However, due to a lack of data, the hydrological functioning of the region is still poorly understood. Among remote sensing techniques that can increase data availability, radar is well-suitable for the identification, mapping, and measurement of tropical wetlands, for its cloud unimpeded sensing and night and day operation. Here we aim to extract flood extent and flood occurrence information from a series of radar images of the middle Mahakam lowland area. We explore the use of Phased Array L-band Synthetic Aperture Radar (PALSAR) imagery for observing flood inundation dynamics by incorporating field water level measurements. Water level measurements were carried out along the river, in lakes and in peatlands, using pressure transducers. For validation of the open water flood occurrence map, bathymetry measurements were carried out in the main lakes. A series of PALSAR images covering the middle and lower Mahakam area in the years 2007 through 2010 were collected. A fully inundated region can be easily recognized on radar images from a dark signature. Open water flood occurrence was mapped using a threshold value taken from radar backscatter of the permanently inundated river and lakes areas. Radar backscatter intensity analysis of the vegetated floodplain area revealed consistently high backscatter values, indicating flood inundation under forest canopy. We used those values as the threshold for flood occurrence mapping in the vegetated area.

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Section: Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

Flood occurrence mapping of the middle Mahakam lowland area using satellite radar

Hidayat

Hoekman

Vissers³

et al. 2012

Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci.

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“…Tropical peatland occurs mainly in East Asia, South-East Asia, Southern Africa, the Caribbean and Central and South America Jaenicke et al, 2010;Page et al, 2011). More than 56% (equivalent to 24.78 Mha) of the global peatland area is located in South-East Asia, where Indonesia contributes around 87% (21 Mha) of the region's peatland extent .…”

Section: 1! Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The situation was made worse by rampant illegal logging activities, notably during the economic crisis of 1997-1998 and the commencement of full regional autonomy in 1999 (Casson & Obidzinski, 2002;Smith et al, 2003;Obidzinski, 2005). The degradation of peat swamp forest was amplified by the construction of logging access and artificial drainage canals associated with the logging activities (Böhm & Siegert, 2001;Jaenicke et al, 2010;Franke et al, 2012;Bryan et al, 2013).…”

Section: 1! Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The length of logging railways jumped to 11,000 km by 2000, following the start of the Ex-Mega Rice Project (EMRP) in the province during 1995-1999. Scientific studies have shown that the construction of artificial drainage canals associated with logging activities on peat swamp forest is a trigger leading to long-term degradation of peatland and increased carbon emissions in the South-East Asian region. The existence of drainage canals within peat swamps increases surface run-off and reduces water storage capacity, which may disrupt the hydrological balance in peatland ecosystems (Wösten et al, 2008;Jaenicke et al, 2010;. A study of 0.148 Mha in Sebangau National Park of Central Kalimantan, Indonesia noted about 65 drainage canals constructed by illegal loggers within the Bakung and Bangah catchment areas within the park.…”

Section: 12! the Area Extent Spatial Distribution And Peat Carbonmentioning

confidence: 99%

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An assessment of the restoration efforts of degraded peatland in central Kalimantan, Indonesia

Dohong¹

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Indonesia's tropical peatlands are an ecosystem of global significance. They contain immense stores of carbon and play a key role in regional and global climate systems. They provide habitat for iconic species such as the orangutan and Sumatran tiger, and they sustain the livelihoods of thousands of local people. Despite these values, Indonesia's peatland ecosystems have been subject to extensive deforestation and degradation during the past two decades. Recurrent peatland fires related to these land use activities have caused smoke pollution across the region, resulting in substantial public health issues and political controversy. More than 50% of the nation's 21 Mha of peatland can be considered as degraded. There is an urgent need to slow the rate of peatland degradation in Indonesia and to effectively restore the vast areas already damaged. A key consideration in this challenge is that tropical peatland restoration is an emerging field of scientific inquiry and little research has been published on the factors that constitute and influence successful restoration of tropical peatland ecosystems.This thesis addresses this gap in the broader ecosystem restoration literature by focusing on a case study of the so-called "Ex-Mega Rice Project" area of Central Kalimantan (an area previously subject to extensive degradation) and examining how successful peatland restoration can be achieved in Indonesia by: (1) reviewing the drivers of peatland degradation in the country in order to better understand the competing interests and broader socioecological context in which restoration activities need to be carried out; (2) studying previous restoration initiatives in Indonesia to better understand the restoration techniques used and the factors influencing their relative effectiveness; (3) analysing the specific tropical peatland restoration technique of "re-wetting" to better understand which elements of the technique best support effective restoration outcomes; (4) analysing the specific issue of illegal oil palm development on Indonesian peatland, including a consideration of what sorts of interventions are required to halt illegal oil palm development and control the associated recurrent fires that have been shown to substantially constrain the effectiveness of restoration initiatives; and (5) presenting an overarching conceptual framework of the factors that influence effective peatland restoration, which can be used by policy makers to devise restoration interventions that should have a greater probability of success.The drivers of peatland degradation in Indonesia can be categorised as direct and indirect. Direct drivers include logging, oil palm development and recurrent fires (mostly caused by large-and smallscale land use activities). Indirect drivers include climate change, the poverty and employment needs ii of local people, and the ineffective and sometimes perversely counter-productive land use governance systems.Techniques previously used to restore peatlands in Indonesia include rewetting through ...

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“…Kebakaran hutan gambut sulit dipadamkan karena api dapat menyebar pada bahan bakar di atas permukaan dan menjalar di dalam lapisan tanah gambut melalui proses pembaraan/ smoldering (Saharjo 1997;Page et al 2002;Sumantri 2007;Syaufina 2008 (Jaenicke et al 2010;WWF 2012).…”

Section: Pendahuluanunclassified

Nilai Kerugian Dan Efektivitas Pencegahan Kebakaran Hutan Gambut (Studi Kasus Di Taman Nasional Sebangau Provinsi Kalimantan Tengah)

Khalwani¹,

Bahruni²,

Syaufina³

2017

jkebijakan

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RINGKASANKegiatan pencegahan kebakaran hutan gambut di Taman Nasional Sebangau (TNS) telah dilakukan setiap tahun oleh pengelola kawasan. Hingga kini kebakaran masih menjadi ancaman terutama di musim kemarau. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui penyebab kebakaran, mengukur nilai kerugian di tahun 2014 dan menganalisis efektivitas pencegahannya. Penyebab kebakaran dipicu oleh aktifitas masyarakat di dalam dan sekitar kawasan. Nilai Kerugian Total akibat kebakaran seluas ± 4364 ha mencapai Rp 134 Milyar. Kegiatan pencegahan kebakaran termasuk efektif jika hanya dilihat dari persentase penyerapan input (realisasi anggaran), namun sangat tidak efektif dilihat dari persentase pencapaian sasaran ( ) berupa penurunan jumlah outcome titik panas ( ) dan luas kebakaran. Analisis kualititatif dilakukan untuk menggambarkan hotspot kendala permasalahan di tingkat tapak. Kegiatan pencegahan harus ditingkatkan dengan lebih memperhatikan akar masalah penyebab kebakaran yaitu faktor sosial-ekonomi masyarakat.Kata Kunci: kebakaran gambut, nilai kerugian, pencegahan kebakaran, kawasan konservasi 214 secara administrasi anggaran terlaksana dengan b a i k n a m u n p a d a k o n d i s i t a p a k belum menyelesaikan masalah kebakaran yang ada. REKOMENDASI KEBIJAKAN Perlu disusun strategi (road map) pencegahan kebakaran dan standar biaya kegiatan yang terarah baik dari jenis, lokasi, dan sasaran kegiatan.

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Planning hydrological restoration of peatlands in Indonesia to mitigate carbon dioxide emissions

Cited by 103 publications

References 26 publications

Flood occurrence mapping of the middle Mahakam lowland area using satellite radar

Flood occurrence mapping of the middle Mahakam lowland area using satellite radar

An assessment of the restoration efforts of degraded peatland in central Kalimantan, Indonesia

Nilai Kerugian Dan Efektivitas Pencegahan Kebakaran Hutan Gambut (Studi Kasus Di Taman Nasional Sebangau Provinsi Kalimantan Tengah)

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