Planning Green Space for Climate Change Adaptation and Mitigation: A Review of Green Space in the Central City of Beijing

Abstract

The ongoing rapid urbanization and its socio-economic impacts on Chinese cities have engendered numerous environmental issues, food insecurity and significant stress on water resources besides accelerating some ecological degradation. Among these issues, urban-heat-island (UHI) and climate change in large cities had drawn much attention so that many researches on climate change adaptation and mitigation emerged in recent years. How to make the cities cool down and more liveable is more important than before for urban planning. Urban planners have been placing more stress on green space planning and the green environment of cities where dwellers crowd together. This paper is a review of green space in the Central City of Beijing under current situation and puts forward some advice on green space planning in responding to the climate change in the new era of China. Planning green space with the principal objective of "green-sponge-city" and the key concept of "low-carbon-city" is the primary adaptation and mitigation approach to climate change for urban planners and policymakers. No doubt, more attention and support from the government regarding strengthening green space systems in response to climate change will improve the liveability, resilience, and sustainability of cities in China.

Eco-Environmental Quality Monitoring in Beijing, China, Using an RSEI-Based Approach Combined With Random Forest Algorithms

“…This result was consistent with the changes and response of green spaces in Beijing in previous studies [67]- [70]. Recent research has indicated that Beijing has implemented the green-wedge initiative to increase the vegetation canopy, and it has achieved remarkable results [69]. The area ratio and growth rate of green spaces increased significantly in the central area of Beijing between 2014 and 2020 [67], [68].…”

“…Regarding the spatial distributions, the areas with poor and bad EEQ were mainly distributed in the surrounding areas, where environmental management was relatively lacking [68]. The EEQ of central Beijing was higher due to frequent human intervention (e.g., the green-wedge initiative) [67], [69]. Of concern is that the areas where EEQ was improved by 2020 were mainly in the surrounding area of Beijing.…”

Cultural Urban Ecosystem Services

“…An additional constraint is that large regions of the Global South are prone to periodic or frequent droughts leading to a decrease in green spaces or quality recreational areas. These trends have been discussed by Dobbs et al (2018) in Santiago, Islam and Tuli (2017) in Bangladesh, and Li et al (2018) by the physiography of the city and its socioeconomics and enlarging the inequity effect. According to Roy et al (2018), people recognise the decline in the availability of trees and green infrastructure, and consequently, their experiences are affected by any decline in the quantity and quality of ecosystem service provision.…”

Ruang Terbuka Hijau Publik di Kota Jambi Berbasis Jumlah Penduduk dan Kebutuhan Oksigen (Public Green Open Space Development in Jambi City Based on Population and Oxygen Needs)

“…Ini terjadi karena RTH mempunyai manfaat multidimensi, diantaranya manfaat lingkungan, manfaat sosial dan manfaat ekonomi. Luas RTH yang ideal cenderung akan mempengaruhi penduduk secara positif (Li et al 2018;Sahni dan Aulakh 2014). RTH juga berpengaruh terhadap pola hidup sehat penduduk terutama yang ada disekitarnya (Lestan et al 2014) Tahun sehingga menjadikan RTH sebagai tempat dimana bermain, rekreasi dan menikmati udara segar (Holt et al 2008).…”