Planning for science: China’s “grand experiment” and global implications

Abstract

China’s rising capability in science, technology and innovation to a certain extent has to do with “a grand experiment” that started 15 years ago when the Chinese government released the National Medium and Long-Term Plan for the Development of Science and Technology (2006–2020) (MLP). MLP launched the indigenous innovation strategy and set goals to turn China into an innovation-oriented country. The junction when the old MLP phased out and a new MLP (2021–2035) will soon be introduced holds greater historical and practical significance for the Chinese and international scientific communities to make sense of planning for science. This paper reviews the progress achieved in implementing the MLP, analyzes the daunting challenges facing China to become an innovation-oriented nation, discusses the implications of planning science for the Chinese and international scientific communities, and speculates on what might be included in the new MLP.

Трансформација Политике Развоја И Иновација Кине У Светлу Њеног Глобалног Лидерства

“…План се састојао из неколико поглавља посвећених побољшању и промоцији кључних индустрија за развој Кине, јачања међународне компетитивности, побољшаног коришћења енергената, развоја транспортног система широм земље и свеобухватно ширење и побошљање нивоа дигитализације Кине. Овај план означен је као "почетак ере великог експеримента" (Sun & Cao, 2021) јер је први пут уврстио и значај глобалног позиционирања Кине у политичкој сфери, што је последично имало вероватно највеће повећање издвајања БДП-а за НТ развој на чак 2,2%.…”

Towards Sustainable Development of Fisheries in the Yellow and East China Seas Shared by South Korea and China

“…A previous study estimated the labor force (represented by L) of high-sea fisheries through Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) with kW, and we used this data. As there is, in general, a particular proportional relationship between the two variables as the more kW (denoted by K) of the vessel, the more workers must be employed [36,53]. The regression equation for the labor force in China's highsea fisheries was estimated to be L = 0.0442K − 738.18 R 2 = 0.795 .…”

“…Rao et al (2016) evaluated the fishing capacity of the Yellow, South, and East China Seas in 2009-2014 using the DEA and found that the fishery management system was effective [35]. Sun et al (2016) used DEA to investigate the fishing capacity of 11 coastal areas during 2008-2014, evaluating the effectiveness of implementing the dual control system. They found that more than 30% overcapacity still existed [36].…”

“…Sun et al (2016) used DEA to investigate the fishing capacity of 11 coastal areas during 2008-2014, evaluating the effectiveness of implementing the dual control system. They found that more than 30% overcapacity still existed [36]. Zheng et al (2008) also used DEA to evaluate the fishing capacity of 11 coastal areas during 1994-2005 and identify the problems of the fishing industry.…”

The Double-edged Effect of Urban Agglomeration on Regional Inequality

“…However, in hierarchical governance structures, a paradox emerges. Central governments often emphasize cross-regional collaboration as they seek to achieve broader developmental goals, while local governments frequently prioritize competition in their pursuit of local development 4,5 . These contrasting priorities can introduce complexities into the impact of policies on inequalities, particularly in the context of inter-entity and intra-entity disparities.…”