Planned ideas vs. expressed ideas in conversation

Hjelmquist, Erland; Gidlund, Åke

doi:10.1016/0378-2166(84)90027-4

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 19 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Hjelmquist, 1991;Hjelmquist & Gidlund, 1984;Kendon, 1987;Levelt, 1989), and communication researchers have recognized the important role played by plans and planning in guiding communicative action (Berger, 1988a(Berger, , 1988bBerger, Karol, & Jordan, 1989;Daly, Weber, Vangelisti, Maxwell, & Neel, 1989;Waldron, 1990;Waldron, Cegala, Sharkey, & Teboul, 1990;Wilson, 1990). In Waldron's (1990) study of 2,273 thoughts generated by subjects during reviews of videotapes of their interactions, 27% of the thoughts had to do with planned actions for reaching interaction goals, while an additional 17% were concerned with the goals themselves.…”

Section: Planning Sources Planning Difficulty and Verbal Fluency Chamentioning

confidence: 94%

Planning sources, planning difficulty and verbal fluency

Berger

Jordan

1992

Communication Monographs

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Section: Planning Sources Planning Difficulty and Verbal Fluency Chamentioning

confidence: 94%

Planning sources, planning difficulty and verbal fluency

Berger

Jordan

1992

Communication Monographs

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…The notion that plans underlying message production are hierarchically organized is widely accepted among students of action production in general and speech production in particular (Alterman, 1988; Brand, 1984; Bratman, 1987Bratman, ,1990 Butterworth, 1980; Butterworth & Goldman-Eisler, 1979; Hjelmquist, 1991;Hjelmquist & Gidlund, 1984; Hobbs & Evans, 1980; Kreitler & Kreitler, 1987; Levelt, 1989; Miller, Galanter, & Pribram, 1960; Sacerdoti, 1977;Srull& Wyer, 1986; Waldron, 1990;Wdensky 1983). Considerable empirical evidence has been adduced to support their claim (Abbott & Black, 1986; Bower, Black, & Turner, 1979;Cahill & Mitchell, 1987; Lichtenstein & Brewer, 1980; Seifert, Robertson, & Black, 1985; Waldron, 1990; Waldron & Applegate, 1994).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Message Planning, Communication Failure, and Cognitive Load Further Explorations of the Hierarchy Principle

Knowlton

Berger

1997

Human Comm Res

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The hierarchyprinciple predicts and research has demonstrated that in response to communication failure, individuals make less wgnitively demanding, lowlevel changes to message plans, such as the vocal intensity at which they are deliwred, rather than more demanding alterations to message content and structure. Three expm'ments examined the effects of different message preparations on cognitive lwds associated w'th high-level message plan alterations. In Experiment 1, individuals who prepared only one highly iconic message bejbre experiencing communication failure demonstrated greater cognitive load when requested to deliver an alternative message than did individuals who prepared three highly iconic alternative messages. No wgnitive load differences were fiund between those who prepared one or three lowiwnicity messages. In Expm*ment 2, individuals who prepared OM or six highly iconic message plans demonstrated greater wgnitive load ajer wmmunicationfnilure than those who prepmed three alternatives. This U a m relatiatship was replicated in Experiment 3.

show abstract

“…Not only are cognitive representations of goals and plans centrally implicated in discourse comprehension processes, they have also been viewed as critical elements in the production of human action in general and discourse in particular (Alterman, 1988;Brand, 1984;Bratman, 1987Bratman, , 1990Butterworth, 1980;Hjelmquist, 1991;Hjelmquist & Gidlund, 1984; Krietler & Krietler, 1987;Levelt, 1989;Miller, Galanter, & Pribram, 1960;Srull & Wyer, 1986;Waldron, 1990;Wilensky, 1983). It is generally assumed that plans guide rather then energize goaldirected action (Brand, 1984), although it has been argued that plans may carry with them commitments to future action (Bratman, 1987(Bratman, , 1990.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Similar planning processes have been invoked by Butterworth (1980) in his model of speech production. Hjelmquist (1991) and Hjelmquist and Gidlund (1984) have studied how plans are manifested in conversational discourse. In addition, Waldron (1990) reported that of some 2,273 thoughts that subjects reported having during their conversations with others, 44% were concerned with the goals they were pursuing in the conversation and the plans they were using to attain their goals.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Hierarchy Principle in Strategic Communication

1996

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The hierarchy principle suggests that when individuals fail to reach social goals and they continue to pursue them, theirfirst tendency is to alter lower level elements of message plan hierarchies concerned with speech rate and vocal intensity rather than higher level elements related to the structure and sequencing of message content. This pattern of message plan alteration is predicated on the notion that higher level alterations are more demanding of scarce cognitive resources. This postulate was examined directly in two laboratory and two field experiments in which geographic direction givers were led to believe their directions had been misunderstood because of communication failures located at different levels in the message plan hierarchy. Consistent with the hierarchy principle and the effort postulate, direction givers required to make more abstract alterations to their directions (route changes) showed higher levels of cognitive load as indexed by speech onset latency than direction givers required to make lower level alterations (landmarks and speech rate). The effects of time constraints, preinteraction planning, and failure pervasiveness were also examined. Both laboratory and field experiments showed general support for the hierarchy principle's predictions. Implications of the hierarchy principle for the study of strategic communication are considered.

show abstract

Planned ideas vs. expressed ideas in conversation

Cited by 5 publications

References 19 publications

Planning sources, planning difficulty and verbal fluency

Planning sources, planning difficulty and verbal fluency

Message Planning, Communication Failure, and Cognitive Load Further Explorations of the Hierarchy Principle

The Hierarchy Principle in Strategic Communication

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About