Plankton in the Norwegian-Greenland Sea: from living communities to sediment assemblages ?an actualistic approach

Samtleben, Christian; Schäfer, Priska; Andruleit, Harald; Baumann, Astrid; Baumann, Karl-Heinz; Kohly, Alexander; Matthießen, Jens; Schröder‐Ritzrau, Andrea

doi:10.1007/bf00192245

Cited by 119 publications

(70 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…Coccolithophores have been relatively well studied in the Norwegian Sea (Samtleben & Schröder 1992, Samtleben et al 1995. Up to 20 species have been previously recorded (Samtleben & Schröder 1992, Samtleben et al 1995, with Acanthoica quattrospina, Syracosphaera borealis, S. corolla, S. molischii, S. nana and Coris phaera gracilis all being characteristic of the region and occurring at temperatures of > 9 to 10°C.…”

Section: North Seamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The other assemblage, north of Svalbard (SVAL) and influenced by retreating ice (< 0°C), was characterised by Pappomonas spp. and Papposphaera spp.Emiliania huxleyi and Calciopappus caudatus are thought to be characteristic of Atlantic-Arctic mixed waters (Samtleben & Schröder 1992, Samtleben et al 1995, and cell densities observed in the present study (mean: 111 cells ml -1 ) agree with those reported in previous studies south of Svalbard (Baumann et al 1997, Samtleben et al 1995. However, the only other studies, to our knowledge, that have recorded coccolithophores in high Arctic regions such as the area north of Svalbard (SVAL) are early taxonomic studies in which most of these species were first described (Manton et al 1977, Thomsen 1981 (Thomsen et al 1991).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Irradiance and pH affect coccolithophore community composition on a transect between the North Sea and the Arctic Ocean

Charalampopoulou

Poulton

Tyrrell

et al. 2011

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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Little is known about the distribution of coccolithophores in Arctic regions, or the reasons why they are absent from certain locations but thrive in others. Factors thought to affect coccolithophore distribution include nutrients, salinity, temperature and light, as well as carbonate chemistry parameters. Here we present data collected in summer 2008 along a transect between the North Sea and Svalbard (Arctic). Coccolithophore abundance and diversity were measured and compared with a set of environmental variables that included macronutrients, salinity, temperature, irradiance, pH and Ω calcite . Eighteen coccolithophore species were found in the southern North Sea where coccolithophores were previously thought to be absent. In the ice-covered region north of Svalbard, coccolithophores were scarce and dominated by the family Papposphaeraceae. A multivariate approach showed that changes in pH and mixed layer irradiance explained most of the variation in coccolithophore distribution and community composition (Spearman's r S = 0.62). Differences between the Svalbard population and those from other regions were mostly explained by pH (r S = 0.45), whereas mixed layer irradiance explained most of the variation between the North Sea, Norwegian Sea and Arctic water assemblages (r S = 0.40). Estimates of cell specific calcification rates showed that species composition can considerably affect community calcification. Consequently, future ocean acidification (changes in pH) and stratification due to global warming (changes in mixed layer irradiance) may influence pelagic calcification by inducing changes in the species composition of coccolithophore communities.KEY WORDS: Coccolithophore · Emiliania huxleyi · Arctic Ocean · pH · Irradiance · Ocean acidification Resale or republication not permitted without written consent of the publisherMar Ecol Prog Ser 431: [25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43] 2011 concentrations and light conditions (Bopp et al. 2001, Sarmiento et al. 2004, as well as ocean acidification (Orr et al. 2005). Extensive experimental and field research on Emiliania huxleyi, the most common cocco litho phore, indicates that calcification in this species depends strongly on irradiance and is stimulated by nutrient stress, even though cells grow well under high nutrient concentrations and low irradiance (see review by Zondervan 2007). However, elevated pCO 2 levels have varying effects on the calcifying ability of different E. huxleyi strains (Riebesell et al. 2000, Iglesias-Rodriguez et al. 2008, Langer et al. 2009) and different coccolithophore species (Langer et al. 2006). Moreover, effects of simultaneous changes in multiple environmental variables are diverse. For example, light saturation for E. huxleyi growth depends on temperature (Paasche 2001, Zondervan 2007 whereas the sensitivity of E. huxleyi calcification and organic C fixation to elevated pCO 2 depend on their replete or depleted nutrient status (Sciandra et al. 2003, Delille et al. 2005, E...

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Section: North Seamentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Irradiance and pH affect coccolithophore community composition on a transect between the North Sea and the Arctic Ocean

Charalampopoulou

Poulton

Tyrrell

et al. 2011

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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“…3. Warm (arrows) and cold (dashed arrows) surface currents, Polar and Arctic fronts (redrawn after Samtleben et al, 1995) and summer and winter position of the ice-edge . The surface currents pattern has been simplified by removing the secondary branches of the main currents.…”

Section: Oceanographic Setting and Water Massesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…8a-c) are usually reported as a group (e.g. Samtleben et al, 1995), due to difficulty in identification, particularly of juvenile stages. In Fig.…”

Section: Distribution Of Radiolarians In the Surface Sediments Of Thementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The fauna found in Recent sediments is composed of about 70 species (Petrushevskaya and Bjørklund, 1974). Samtleben et al (1995) reported 50 species from the sediment and 60 from the water column, making radiolarians the most species-rich micro-zooplankton group found in both the plankton and sediments in the GIN Seas. We have identified 75 species in the sediments (Appendixes A Fig.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Radiolarian faunal provinces in surface sediments of the Greenland, Iceland and Norwegian (GIN) Seas

Bjørklund¹,

Cortese²,

Swanberg³

et al. 1998

Marine Micropaleontology

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The overall abundance and species composition of the polycystine and phaeodarian radiolaria have been determined in 63 surface sediment samples from the GIN Seas. These results are compared to chemical and physical properties of the overlying water masses. There are three abundance maxima in the distribution of radiolarian skeletal debris preserved in these surface sediments, centered on the Iceland Plateau, southern Norwegian Basin and northern Norwegian Basin. The most commonly encountered species were: (a) Spumellarida -Actinomma boreale, A. leptoderma, Larcospira minor, and Phorticium clevei, (b) Nassellarida -Amphimelissa setosa, Artobotrys boreale, Lithomelissa setosa, Lithocampe platycephala, Pseudodictyophimus gracilipes, Cycladophora davisiana, and Lithomitra lineata. Based on factor analysis of the core-top assemblages, the radiolarian species were grouped into three associations: Factor 1 -a polar-and arctic water association dominated by Amphimelissa setosa (varimax factor score 5.269), high factor component values are found in the Iceland Plateau area and in a wedge just north of the Iceland-Faeroe Ridge; Factor 2 -an Atlantic water association dominated by Pseudodictyophimus gracilipes (3.247), Lithomelissa setosa (2.731), and Actinomma boreale (1.851), high factor component values are found in the eastern part of the Norwegian Sea, particularly in the area under the influence of the Norwegian Current; and Factor 3 -an Atlantic and arctic water mixed association dominated by Lithocampe platycephala (3.251), Lithomelissa setosa ( 2.176), Actinomma leptoderma (1.994) and Artobotrys boreale (1.504), high factor component values are found immediately to the east of the Iceland Plateau in correspondence to the deepest part of the Norwegian Basin. The correlation coefficients obtained between seasonal sea surface temperature and Factors 1 .R 2 D 0:835/, and 2 .R 2 D 0:891/ show a good fit, whilst for Factor 3 there was a less marked .R 2 D 0:497/, but still significant at the 5% confidence level, correlation for fifth-degree polynomial regression functions. The factors correlated better with the summer than the winter sea surface temperatures. However, at 20, 50, 100 and 200 m depth, the correlation became increasingly better, particularly so for the winter situation. The highest species richness for polycystine radiolarians (>28 species) was found in the warm Atlantic domain, the lowest (<24 species) was found in the colder arctic and polar domains, whilst an area approximating the position of the Arctic front had between 24 and 28 species. © 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.Keywords: radiolaria; Recent; Norwegian Sea; Iceland Sea; paleotemperature; factor analysis Ł Corresponding author. Tel.: C47 2285-1669; E-mail: kjell.bjorklund@toyen.uio.no 0377-8398/98/$19.00 c 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. PII: S 0 3 7 7 -8 3 9 8 ( 9 8 ) 0 0 0 1 3 -9 106 K.R. Bjørklund et al. / Marine Micropaleontology 35 (1998)

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A new multi‐proxy investigation of Late Quaternary palaeoenvironments along the north‐western Barents Sea (Storfjorden Trough Mouth Fan)

Melis

Carbonara

Villa

et al. 2018

J Quaternary Science

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A new integrated micropalaeontological study on planktonic and benthic foraminifera, calcareous nannofossils and diatoms was performed on three sediment cores from the Storfjorden Trough Mouth Fan to reconstruct the Late Quaternary palaeoenvironmental and climatic history. Two main intervals were discussed: the last deglaciation (16.2-11.7 ka BP) and the Holocene. The age model relies on palaeomagnetic parameters together with 10 radiocarbon dates. Deglacial sediments had largely diluted the biogenic content which was scarce and poorly preserved. The first occurrence of Cibicidoides wuellerstorfi (benthic foraminifer), together with Turborotalita quinqueloba (planktonic foraminifer) and Coscinodiscus spp. (diatoms) at 11.3 ka BP followed the end of the Younger Dryas cold event and marked the beginning of the early Holocene warm period. Diatoms and planktonic foraminifers indicated a warming of the surface water from 10.5 to 9.2 ka BP, identifying the Holocene Thermal Maximum event. Bottom water fauna registered these warming conditions less clearly. Cooling events were identified during the Holocene, in particular the 8.2 ka BP event and the Neoglacial between 3.2 and 2 ka BP, as shown by the presence of cold-water taxa such as Gephyrocapsa muellerae (nannoplankton) and Neogloboquadrina pachyderma (planktonic foraminifer). These events were influenced by sea ice extent, cold or relatively warm current influxes.

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Plankton in the Norwegian-Greenland Sea: from living communities to sediment assemblages ?an actualistic approach

Cited by 119 publications

References 47 publications

Irradiance and pH affect coccolithophore community composition on a transect between the North Sea and the Arctic Ocean

Irradiance and pH affect coccolithophore community composition on a transect between the North Sea and the Arctic Ocean

Radiolarian faunal provinces in surface sediments of the Greenland, Iceland and Norwegian (GIN) Seas

A new multi‐proxy investigation of Late Quaternary palaeoenvironments along the north‐western Barents Sea (Storfjorden Trough Mouth Fan)

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