Planificación urbana estratégica a través de macroproyectos urbanos: percepción ciudadana sobre el parque lineal “La Ronda del Sinú” en la ciudad de Montería, Colombia

Abstract

Desde inicios de siglo, la planificación urbana estratégica ha predominado en el modo de organizar, concebir e imaginar a las ciudades latinoamericanas. Siguiendo sus preceptos, los centros urbanos comenzaron a elaborar estrategias que les permitieran lidiar y posicionarse a nivel mundial, siendo los proyectos urbanos íconos una herramienta muy eficaz, pues les permitirán lograr una rápida singularidad y notoriedad en el marketing urbano internacional y con ello, la capacidad de canalizar y atraer nuevos flujos de inversión. La ciudad colombiana de Montería, buscará mediante el parque lineal Ronda del Sinú modificar la imagen de una ciudad intermedia caracterizada por las desigualdades socioeconómicas provocadas por la violencia y el desempleo. A una década del inicio de este proceso es buen momento para evaluar los resultados del proyecto implementado. A través de entrevistas a los habitantes/usuarios fue posible identificar que si bien se reconoce que estéticamente la orilla del río Sinú ha mejorado y ahora Montería es conocida nacional e internacionalmente, se identifican una serie de deficiencias y problemáticas que emergieron a raíz de la construcción del proyecto. El Parque Lineal Ronda del Sinú quiso ser un ejemplo de planeamiento estratégico urbano, pero incorporó una escasa capacidad de diálogo, centrándose en la expresión de interés material, más que en las necesidades reales de los habitantes, surgiendo desequilibrios entre lo proyectado en la etapa de diseño del plan estratégico y los resultados obtenidos después de su materialización.

From “Government to Governance”? A Systematic Literature Review of Research for Urban Green Infrastructure Management in Latin America

“…The benefits of successful governance for UGI mentioned in the research found included environmental education (Ferrer et al, 2010;Barroso and Mesquita, 2014;Costa Cardoso et al, 2015;Benchimol et al, 2017;Pabello and Nasupcialy, 2019), recreational opportunities and tourism (Sanchotene, 1994;García and Guerrero, 2006;Guerrero and Culós, 2007;Flores-Xolocotzi and González-Guillén, 2010), investment (Flores-Xolocotzi, 2012;Babilonia et al, 2018), easing the transition of the urban-rural interface (Gurovich Weisman, 2003), and environmental benefits such as climate change adaptation and reduced flood risks (Granados-Olivas et al, 2016;Millington, 2018;Flores et al, 2019;Giner et al, 2019). Nail and Erazo (2018) made the case for state-initiated self-governance initiatives for post-conflict peace building, a link between UGI and social capital that was also made by Ferrer et al (2010), Costa Cardoso et al (2015), Sánchez (2019), and Visoni and Nagib (2019, p. 88).…”

“…There appeared to be a directional push within the literature toward cooperative governance mechanisms; despite the dominance of local state actors within the initiatives and cases addressed, a large number of the publications criticized top-down management practices (González and Guillen, 2015;Babilonia et al, 2018) and lack of participation (Pérez-Medina and López-Falfán, 2015, p. 23;Flores et al, 2019) and called for the inclusion of non-state actors (Flores-Xolocotzi, 2012; Barroso and Mesquita, 2014). Chelleri et al (2016) spoke of increasing interest in participatory and bottom-up management practices in the region, as a direct result of technological advances that have meant better dissemination of information and the rise of online communities (p. 2).…”

“…A number of publications highlighted weak local government management (Escobedo et al, 2006;Flores-Xolocotzi, 2012;Serra-Llobet and Hermida, 2017, p. 3) or a general lack of state resources (Guerrero and Culós, 2007;Silva-Sánchez and Jacobi, 2016;Millington, 2018;Ojeda-Revah et al, 2020) as a barrier to effective governance, transparency, and participation. These factors were not universal, geographic variation in budgets, capabilities, and resources between municipal managers in the same city, and competition for investment meant dependence on private entities and a shift in priorities when considering UGI provision (Escobedo et al, 2006;Andrade et al, 2013;Babilonia et al, 2018). One publication mentioned the division of large urban green spaces between competing local authorities (Andrade et al, 2013, p. 10).…”

Merger of Network Graph Indicators to Estimate Resilience in Latin American Cities

“…Closeness centrality, indicates the average distance of all shortest routes from vertex v to any other vertex n-1 accessible within the network [76]. CC indicates how high a node is connected in the graph, which is normalized by adding all possible minimum distances and is calculated using (2).…”

“…With the Brundtland Report of 1987, the celebration of the Earth Summit and Agenda 21 in 1992, urban planning and sustainable development have acquired greater interest in the concept of systemic or sustainable urban planning [1]. Urban planning has a long-term, systemic, and comprehensive vision [2]. However, at the beginning of the 21st century, the perspective of systemic planning lost strength due to the political and economic instability experienced by many developing countries, including some from Latin America, in the late 1990s.…”