Planetary boundaries: Guiding human development on a changing planet

Steffen, Will; Richardson, Katherine; Rockström, Johan; Cornell, Sarah; Fetzer, Ingo; Bennett, Elena M.; Biggs, Reinette; Carpenter, Stephen R.; Vries, Wim de; Wit, Cynthia A. de; Folke, Carl; Gerten, Dieter; Heinke, Jens; Mace, Georgina M.; Persson, Linn; Ramanathan, V.; Reyers, Belinda; Sörlin, Sverker

doi:10.1126/science.1259855

Cited by 8,744 publications

(6,742 citation statements)

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“…As with biodiversity loss and climate change, the aforementioned anthropogenic distortion of the nitrogen cycle has by far exceeded the safety boundaries of our planet (Steffen et al, 2015). Nitrification, the two-step microbe-mediated aerobic oxidation of ammonia to nitrate, plays a key role in the transformation of reactive nitrogen necessary to restore the imbalanced nitrogen cycle.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A robust nitrifying community in a bioreactor at 50 °C opens up the path for thermophilic nitrogen removal

et al. 2016

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The increasing production of nitrogen-containing fertilizers is crucial to meet the global food demand, yet high losses of reactive nitrogen associated with the food production/consumption chain progressively deteriorate the natural environment. Currently, mesophilic nitrogen-removing microbes eliminate nitrogen from wastewaters. Although thermophilic nitrifiers have been separately enriched from natural environments, no bioreactors are described that couple these processes for the treatment of nitrogen in hot wastewaters. Samples from composting facilities were used as inoculum for the batch-wise enrichment of thermophilic nitrifiers (350 days). Subsequently, the enrichments were transferred to a bioreactor to obtain a stable, high-rate nitrifying process (560 days). The community contained up to 17% ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOAs) closely related to 'Candidatus Nitrososphaera gargensis', and 25% nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOBs) related to Nitrospira calida. Incorporation of 13 C-derived bicarbonate into the respective characteristic membrane lipids during nitrification supported their activity as autotrophs. Specific activities up to 198 ± 10 and 894 ± 81 mg N g − 1 VSS per day for AOAs and NOBs were measured, where NOBs were 33% more sensitive to free ammonia. The NOBs were extremely sensitive to free nitrous acid, whereas the AOAs could only be inhibited by high nitrite concentrations, independent of the free nitrous acid concentration. The observed difference in product/substrate inhibition could facilitate the development of NOB inhibition strategies to achieve more cost-effective processes such as deammonification. This study describes the enrichment of autotrophic thermophilic nitrifiers from a nutrient-rich environment and the successful operation of a thermophilic nitrifying bioreactor for the first time, facilitating opportunities for thermophilic nitrogen removal biotechnology.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A robust nitrifying community in a bioreactor at 50 °C opens up the path for thermophilic nitrogen removal

et al. 2016

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“…providing its function) or collapsed, prompting need 64 for a re-build, as opposed to monitoring and repairing damage to prevent the collapse from 65 ever happening. In environmental science, attempts have been made to identify this 'safe 66 operating space' at a global level to ensure that boundaries are not crossed that could lead 67 to rapid losses in ecosystem functions [10,11]. However, there is a danger that current 68 regional and local assessments of ecosystem functions and management advice do not 69 incorporate such risk assessments.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…This gives rise to the 'insurance effect' of biodiversity 240 [62], which is well supported both empirically [14,15] and theoretically [16,28]. Reporting on ecosystem services has focussed on the short-term [6], despite the 352 acknowledgement of long term resilience in earth systems management [10,92]. Therefore, The development of indicators for ecosystem functions is hampered by a lack of primary data and there is strong reliance on proxy measures such as habitat extent [94,95].…”

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confidence: 99%

Biodiversity and Resilience of Ecosystem Functions

Oliver

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et al. 2015

Trends in Ecology & Evolution

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“…Climate change is emerging as one of the most-if not the mostsignificant long-term risk to human health and biodiversity [75][76][77][78]. The major health professions have expressed grave concerns about the health consequences of climate change [79][80][81][82][83].…”

Section: Looking Ahead: Larger Problems and Possible Solutionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

What Moral Distress in Nursing History Could Suggest about the Future of Health Care

2017

AMA Journal of Ethics

133

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The concept of moral distress was defined in 1984 as (a) the psychological distress of (b) being in a situation in which one is constrained from acting (c) on what one knows to be right. A substantial literature on the subject has developed, primarily in nursing ethics. The aforementioned elements of distress are applied here to areas of clinical and organizational significance: (a) distress from causing intimate pain during care of the dying, (b) constraints stemming from proximate and background challenges of health care organizations, and (c) changing perspectives on therapeutic technologies derived from global environmental perspectives. Although moral distress may be increasing in clinical settings, nursing advocates are developing positive ways to cope with it that can help clinicians in general. IntroductionAfter its first use in nursing over 30 years ago, the concept of moral distress has proven applicable to a growing range of problematic situations. This essay outlines a few motifs in the development of the concept in nursing ethics and then considers some current applications of the concept. Starting with the bedside care of the dying, it sets moral distress in successively wider contexts, concluding with some morally problematic global environmental challenges that health care services will need to address during the next decades.

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Planetary boundaries: Guiding human development on a changing planet

Cited by 8,744 publications

References 136 publications

A robust nitrifying community in a bioreactor at 50 °C opens up the path for thermophilic nitrogen removal

A robust nitrifying community in a bioreactor at 50 °C opens up the path for thermophilic nitrogen removal

Biodiversity and Resilience of Ecosystem Functions

What Moral Distress in Nursing History Could Suggest about the Future of Health Care

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