Abstract:Plane wave scattering by single or double slots loaded with semicircular dielectric cylinders is investigated in the most general case of oblique incidence and arbitrary polarization. To this end, systems of singular integral-integrodifferential equations of the first kind are constructed and discretized on the basis of recently developed algorithms. Several internal tests and extensive comparisons with available results were made in order to validate the numerical codes. Plotted results both for the surface m… Show more
“…Artificial intelligence (AI) is a wide area of rapid growth with a large number of applications including but not limited to telecommunications [16,17], antenna engineering [18,19], microwave technology [20][21][22], medical diagnosis [23], healthcare, and robotics. A powerful section of AI is artificial neural networks (ANNs), the function of which is inspired by the biological central nervous system.…”
Sewage sludge hydrochars (SSHs), which are produced by hydrothermal carbonization (HTC), offer a high calorific value to be applied as a biofuel. However, HTC is a complex processand the properties of the resulting product depend heavily on the process conditions and feedstock composition. In this work, we have applied artificial neural networks (ANNs) to contribute to the production of tailored SSHs for a specific application and with optimum properties. We collected data from the published literature covering the years 2014–2021, which was then fed into different ANN models where the input data (HTC temperature, process time, and the elemental content of hydrochars) were used to predict output parameters ((higher heating value, (HHV) and solid yield (%)). The proposed ANN models were successful in accurately predicting both HHV and contents of C and H. While the model NN1 (based on C, H, O content) exhibited HHV predicting performance with R2 = 0.974, another model, NN2, was also able to predict HHV with R2 = 0.936 using only C and H as input. Moreover, the inverse model of NN3 (based on H, O content, and HHV) could predict C content with an R2 of 0.939.
“…Artificial intelligence (AI) is a wide area of rapid growth with a large number of applications including but not limited to telecommunications [16,17], antenna engineering [18,19], microwave technology [20][21][22], medical diagnosis [23], healthcare, and robotics. A powerful section of AI is artificial neural networks (ANNs), the function of which is inspired by the biological central nervous system.…”
Sewage sludge hydrochars (SSHs), which are produced by hydrothermal carbonization (HTC), offer a high calorific value to be applied as a biofuel. However, HTC is a complex processand the properties of the resulting product depend heavily on the process conditions and feedstock composition. In this work, we have applied artificial neural networks (ANNs) to contribute to the production of tailored SSHs for a specific application and with optimum properties. We collected data from the published literature covering the years 2014–2021, which was then fed into different ANN models where the input data (HTC temperature, process time, and the elemental content of hydrochars) were used to predict output parameters ((higher heating value, (HHV) and solid yield (%)). The proposed ANN models were successful in accurately predicting both HHV and contents of C and H. While the model NN1 (based on C, H, O content) exhibited HHV predicting performance with R2 = 0.974, another model, NN2, was also able to predict HHV with R2 = 0.936 using only C and H as input. Moreover, the inverse model of NN3 (based on H, O content, and HHV) could predict C content with an R2 of 0.939.
“…However, authors do not overcome the illposedness of matrix equation obtained and then their solution, as well as all others obtained in [5][6][7], may be correct in the low-frequency range only. The most general case of EM wave scattering by dielectricloaded slots and semicircular troughs with the aid of singular integrointegrodifferential equations has been considered in [10]. The range of correctness of numerical solution of such equations was not specified in the cited paper, other than the numerical results exhibited can be regarded to the low-frequency case only.…”
Abstract-A rigorous solution to the Neumann boundary value problem (BVP) for semicircular trough in a perfectly electrically conducting (PEC) ground plane is presented. The known Rayleigh's method expansion of a solution by eigensolutions of the Helmholtz equation in cylindrical coordinates coupled with partial orthogonality of trigonometric functions is used. In contrast to previous works on this theme, a Fredholm 2nd kind matrix equation for modal coefficients is obtained, which permits one to derive very fast convergent approximate solution for any incidence angle and trough dimension. The method solution permits one to consider a dielectric loading as well. A strong broadband fall-off of backscattering from apertures loaded with lossy dielectric is theoretically revealed.
“…Hence, the authors treated a low-frequency approximation only. Vardiambasis, Tsalamengas, and Fikioris (1998) were considered the most general case of EM wave scattering by dielectric-loaded slots and troughs with the aid of singular integral-integrodifferential equations. However, the range of correctness of numerical solutions of such equations was not specified in the cited paper.…”
The Rayleigh method is applied to solving the boundary value problem (BVP) for an E-polarized plane wave scattering by a dielectric-loaded semicircular trough in a perfectly electrically conducting (PEC) plane. A Fredholm second kind matrix equation is obtained for the Fourier coefficients upon using an additional equation in contrast to the traditional method. The Fredholm equation obtained yields a numerical solution with guaranteed convergence to the mentioned BVP. Proposed method is applied to study the radar cross section (RCS) reduction problem and to a model investigation of backscattering from an iceberg compared to rough estimated low-angle sea-clutter.
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