Planck-HFI thermal architecture: from requirements to solutions

Piat, M.; Lamarre, Jean Michel; Meissonnier, Julien; Torre, Jean Pierre; Camus, P.; Benoı̂t, A.; Crussaire, J. P.; Bock, J. J.; Lange, A. E.; Bhatia, R.; Maffei, B.; Puget, J.; Sudiwala, R.

doi:10.1117/12.461777

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…The passive thermal filter was a rectangular stainless steel block, 5.5 cm in length and with a 2.5 cm × 2.5 cm cross-section. The design approach for the passive filter was inspired by the distributed thermal filter used in the Planck HFI instrument (Piat et al 2003;Heurtel & Piat 2000). The filter had high heat capacity and low thermal diffusivity in order to achieve adequate thermal conduction with a sufficiently long time constant.…”

Section: Thermal Architecture and Temperature Controlmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bicep2. Ii. Experiment and Three-Year Data Set

Ade

Aikin

Amiri

et al. 2014

ApJ

182

109

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We report on the design and performance of the Bicep2 instrument and on its three-year data set. Bicep2 was designed to measure the polarization of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) on angular scales of 1 •-5 • (= 40-200), near the expected peak of the B-mode polarization signature of primordial gravitational waves from cosmic inflation. Measuring B-modes requires dramatic improvements in sensitivity combined with exquisite control of systematics. The Bicep2 telescope observed from the South Pole with a 26 cm aperture and cold, on-axis, refractive optics. Bicep2 also adopted a new detector design in which beam-defining slot antenna arrays couple to transition-edge sensor (TES) bolometers, all fabricated on a common substrate. The antenna-coupled TES detectors supported scalable fabrication and multiplexed readout that allowed Bicep2 to achieve a high detector count of 500 bolometers at 150 GHz, giving unprecedented sensitivity to B-modes at degree angular scales. After optimization of detector and readout parameters, Bicep2 achieved an instrument noise-equivalent temperature of 15.8 μK √ s. The full data set reached Stokes Q and U map depths of 87.2 nK in square-degree pixels (5. 2 μK) over an effective area of 384 deg 2 within a 1000 deg 2 field. These are the deepest CMB polarization maps at degree angular scales to date. The power spectrum analysis presented in a companion paper has resulted in a significant detection of B-mode polarization at degree scales.

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Section: Thermal Architecture and Temperature Controlmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bicep2. Ii. Experiment and Three-Year Data Set

Ade

Aikin

Amiri

et al. 2014

ApJ

182

109

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“…The design approach of the passive filter was inspired by the distributed thermal filter used in the Planck HFI instrument. 15,16 The filter has a complex transfer function, and effectively isolates the focal plane from thermal fluctuations faster than about 1300 s.…”

Section: Cryogenics and Thermal Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

The BICEP2 CMB polarization experiment

et al. 2010

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The Bicep2 telescope is designed to measure the polarization of the cosmic microwave background on angular scales near 2-4 degrees, near the expected peak of the B-mode polarization signal induced by primordial gravitational waves from inflation. Bicep2 follows the success of Bicep, which has set the most sensitive current limits on B-modes on 2-4 degree scales. The experiment adopts a new detector design in which beam-defining slot antennas are coupled to TES detectors photolithographically patterned in the same silicon wafer, with multiplexing SQUID readout. Bicep2 takes advantage of this design's higher focal-plane packing density, ease of fabrication, and multiplexing readout to field more detectors than Bicep1, improving mapping speed by nearly a factor of 10. Bicep2 was deployed to the South Pole in November 2009 with 500 polarization-sensitive detectors at 150 GHz, and is funded for two seasons of observation. The first months' data demonstrate the performance of the Caltech/JPL antenna-coupled TES arrays, and two years of observation with Bicep2 will achieve unprecedented sensitivity to B-modes on degree angular scales.

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“…DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.112.160801 PACS numbers: 07.20.Dt, 42.60.Da, 42.62.Fi The high-resolution measurement of energy has long fascinated humans with its culmination seen in ultra-highsensitivity calorimeters [1,2] and bolometers [3]. These and related ideas have found a broad range of applications, including bolometric superconducting photon counters for quantum communication [4] and ultrasensitive radio astronomy [5,6]. The record for absolute thermometric sensitivity has been realized at cryogenic temperatures, achieving better than 100 pK= ffiffiffiffiffiffi Hz p [7].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These and related ideas have found a broad range of applications, including bolometric superconducting photon counters for quantum communication [4] and ultrasensitive radio astronomy [5,6]. The record for absolute thermometric sensitivity has been realized at cryogenic temperatures, achieving better than 100 pK= ffiffiffiffiffiffi Hz p [7].…”

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confidence: 99%

Nano-Kelvin Thermometry and Temperature Control: Beyond the Thermal Noise Limit

et al. 2014

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We demonstrate thermometry with a resolution of 80 nK= ffiffiffiffiffiffi Hz p using an isotropic crystalline whispering-gallery mode resonator based on a dichroic dual-mode technique. We simultaneously excite two modes that have a mode frequency ratio that is very close to two (AE0.3 ppm). The wavelength and temperature dependence of the refractive index means that the frequency difference between these modes is an ultrasensitive proxy of the resonator temperature. This approach to temperature sensing automatically suppresses sensitivity to thermal expansion and vibrationally induced changes of the resonator. We also demonstrate active suppression of temperature fluctuations in the resonator by controlling the intensity of the driving laser. The residual temperature fluctuations are shown to be below the limits set by fundamental thermodynamic fluctuations of the resonator material. DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.112.160801 PACS numbers: 07.20.Dt, 42.60.Da, 42.62.Fi The high-resolution measurement of energy has long fascinated humans with its culmination seen in ultra-highsensitivity calorimeters [1,2] and bolometers [3]. These and related ideas have found a broad range of applications, including bolometric superconducting photon counters for quantum communication [4] and ultrasensitive radio astronomy [5,6]. The record for absolute thermometric sensitivity has been realized at cryogenic temperatures, achieving better than 100 pK= ffiffiffiffiffiffi Hz p [7]. In this Letter, we develop a new method to measure temperature based on excitation of two well-separated modes in a millimeter-scale whispering-gallery (WG) optical resonator. WG mode resonators have exceptionally high Q factors and can provide the potential of providing high-stability microwave and optical signals [8][9][10][11][12]. Recently, they have been applied to high-sensitivity label-free sensors for molecules and viruses [13,14] and for optical comb generation [15]. Nonetheless, an issue that afflicts all of these applications is the high temperature sensitivity of WG resonators [12,16], particularly when compared to conventional vacuum-spaced Fabry-Perot resonators [17][18][19][20][21]. In this Letter, we turn this problem to our advantage by using the WG resonator as an ultrasensitive thermometer.To suppress unwanted temperature fluctuations in WG resonators, several groups have demonstrated in situ thermometry by measuring the frequency difference between two orthogonally polarized modes. The best of these techniques have demonstrated a resolution of ∼100 nK= ffiffiffiffiffiffi Hz p [22], and subsequent temperature stabilization based on this sensing has resulted in improvement to the long-term frequency stability [23,24]. In contrast, we present a two-color approach to measure the resonator temperature with high resolution. In comparison to the birefringent dual-mode technique, our approach can be used in both anisotropic and isotropic resonators, which expands the range of material candidates. Isotropic materials have shown the highest Q facto...

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Planck-HFI thermal architecture: from requirements to solutions

Cited by 5 publications

References 3 publications

Bicep2. Ii. Experiment and Three-Year Data Set

Bicep2. Ii. Experiment and Three-Year Data Set

The BICEP2 CMB polarization experiment

Nano-Kelvin Thermometry and Temperature Control: Beyond the Thermal Noise Limit

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