Planar waveguides in calcium barium niobate fabricated by MeV He ion implantation

Planar and channel waveguides on Na:CBN formed by oxygen ion implantation

“…Previous works have reported the optical properties of SBN waveguides formed by boron, proton and helium ion implantation [7][8][9]. The planar and stripe waveguides of CBN fabricated by MeV He ion implantation have been studied [10,11]. The electro-optical response of CBN has been reported also [1].…”

Fabrication of a silicon-based CaxBa1−xNb2O6ridge waveguide for electro-optical phase modulation

“…Waveguides in bulk CBN, fabricated by ion implantation, are hard to integrate with the other optical substrates. Also the use of MeV implantation energy makes these waveguides less attractive due to equipment requirements resulting in rather ordinary light confinement with the loss of over 3 dB cm −1 [5,6]. A CBN thin film waveguide fabricated on a magnesium oxide (MgO) substrate uses advantages of thin films, yet for a hybrid integration design, simple multi-mode propagation in the CBN waveguide on the MgO substrate is a significant limitation [7].…”