“…However, in order to be applied in real handset situations, internal antennas should have improved the characteristics in terms of gain, efficiency, bandwidth, and radiation pattern. As a result, there has been a surge in planar inverted F antenna (PIFA) for mobile handsets due to their compactness [1], [2], low profile, ease of manufacture, reduction of special absorption rate (SAR) and good electrical performance [3]- [4]. In the early stage, even though only the antenna itself was designed to satisfy the desired operation, its performances were affected by the actual handset case [5]- [6].…”