Planar laser-induced fluorescence (PLIF) measurements of liquid film thickness in annular flow. Part I: Methods and data

Schubring, D.; Ashwood, Andrea C.; Shedd, Timothy A.; Hurlburt, Evan T.

doi:10.1016/j.ijmultiphaseflow.2010.05.007

Cited by 135 publications

(59 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…These data sets come from the works of Schubring [1,[21][22][23] the +/-20% tolerances. Therefore, the comparison between the new film thickness model and experimental film thickness data reveals that the model is indeed an appropriate approximation of experimental film thickness values for wider range of experimental data.…”

Section: New Film Thickness Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It assumes that the liquid film may be ignored and that all the liquid therefore moves through the core with the gas phase at equal velocities. The model uses the correlations proposed by Chen to compute the two-phase friction factor [21]. Experimental data was extracted from literature from Schubring [23].…”

Section: Validation Of Modified Pressure Drop Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Finally, a two-zone model presented originally by Hurlburt [5] was applied to the experimental data. This model uses a roughnessmodified log law to model interfacial shear and was found to be inferior to the inaccurate aforementioned models.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

An Improved Film Thickness Model for Annular Flow Pressure Gradient Estimation in Vertical Gas Wells

Ma¹,

Stevens²,

Pardy³

et al. 2017

J Pet Environ Biotechnol

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The presence of liquids in natural gas wells increases the pressure loss within the well due to differences in density of the pressure head. In gas, well annular flow, liquid may be present in entrained droplets as well as in the liquid film. Several models have been proposed to predict liquid film thickness in pipes with vertical two-phase annular flow. Earlier models are based limited range of experimental data. The earlier models also require exhaustive iterative procedure to estimate liquid film thickness. On the other hand, the proposed modified film thickness model in this study was developed from a wide range of experimental data. The experimental data covers conditions of superficial liquid velocities ranging from 0.6 to 38.8 cm/s; superficial gas velocities ranging from 13.4 to 110.6 m/s; and diameters ranging from 12 to 51 mm. The proposed model is compared with the available experimental data in the literature. Model predictions are in good agreement with the available experimental data set. The modified film thickness model helps accurate estimation of pressure gradient in vertical annular flow, which in turn is beneficial to the natural gas production industry as it further develops the understanding of production mechanics. An Improved Film Thickness Model for Annular Flow Pressure Gradient Estimation in Vertical Gas

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Section: New Film Thickness Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Validation Of Modified Pressure Drop Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

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An Improved Film Thickness Model for Annular Flow Pressure Gradient Estimation in Vertical Gas Wells

Ma¹,

Stevens²,

Pardy³

et al. 2017

J Pet Environ Biotechnol

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show abstract

“…PLIF provides information on the scalar distribution of the two phases in the plane of the laser light, while PIV/PTV can provide instantaneous velocity fields which are essential for obtaining profiles of mean velocity, turbulence intensity, Reynolds stresses, as well as the strain rates at near-wall/near-interface regions. PLIF has been employed to characterise falling-film flows over flat plates ( Charogiannis et al, 2015;Markides et al, 2016 ), gas-liquid annular vertical flows ( Schubring et al, 2010;, co-current liquid-liquid vertical downward pipe flows ( Liu, 2005 ), and co-current liquid-liquid flows in horizontal pipes ( Morgan et al, 2012;. In PLIF, a horizontal flow is typically illuminated by a thin laser light sheet passing through a vertical plane aligned with the pipe centreline.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamics of liquid–liquid flows in horizontal pipes using simultaneous two–line planar laser–induced fluorescence and particle velocimetry

Ibarra

Zadrazil

Matar

et al. 2018

International Journal of Multiphase Flow

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a b s t r a c tExperimental investigations are reported of stratified and stratified-wavy oil-water flows in horizontal pipes, based on the development and application of a novel simultaneous two-line (two-colour) technique combining planar laser-induced fluorescence with particle image/tracking velocimetry. This approach allows the study of fluid combinations with properties similar to those encountered in industrial field-applications in terms of density, viscosity, and interfacial tension, even though their refractive indices are not matched, and represents the first attempt to obtain detailed, spatiotemporally-resolved, full 2-D planar-field phase and velocity information in such flows. The flow conditions studied span mixture velocities in the range 0.3-0.6 m/s and low water-cuts up to 20%, corresponding to in situ (local) Reynolds numbers of 1750-3350 in the oil phase and 2860-11,650 in the water phase, and covering the laminar/transitional and transitional/turbulent flow regimes for the oil and water phases, respectively. Detailed, spatiotemporally-resolved in situ phase and velocity data in a vertical plane aligned with the pipe centreline and extending across the entire height of the channel through both phases are analysed to provide statistical information on the interface heights, mean axial and radial (vertical) velocity components, (rms) velocity fluctuations, Reynolds stresses, and mixing lengths. The mean liquid-liquid interface height is mainly determined by the flow water cut and is relatively insensitive (up to 20% the highest water cut) to changes in the mixture velocity, although as the mixture velocity increases the interfacial profile transitions gradually from being relatively flat to containing higher amplitude waves. The mean velocity profiles show characteristics of both laminar and turbulent flow, and interesting interactions between the two co-flowing phases. In general, mean axial velocity profiles in the water phase collapse to some extent for a given water cut when normalised by the mixture velocity; conversely, profiles in the oil phase do not. Strong vertical velocity components can modify the shape of the axial velocity profiles. The axial turbulence intensity in the bulk of the water layer amounts to about 10% of the peak mean axial velocity in the studied flow conditions. In the oil phase, the axial turbulence intensity increases from low values to about 10% at the higher Reynolds numbers, perhaps due to transition from laminar to turbulent flow. The turbulence intensity showed peaks in regions of high shear, i.e., close to the pipe wall, and at the liquid-liquid interface. The development of the mixing length in the water phase, and also above the liquid-liquid interface in the oil phase, agrees reasonably well with predicted variations described by the von Karman constant. Finally, evidence of secondary flow structures both above and below the interface exists in the vertical velocity profiles, which is of interest to explore further.

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“…The methods can be classified into four groups according to their measurement principles: 1) optical, 2) acoustic, 3) radiological and 4) electrical methods. In optical methods, various optical devices, such as high speed cameras and lasers, are used for detecting an interface [4,5], total internal light reflection [6], fluorescence intensity [7] and so on. Acoustic methods are based on the fact that ultrasonic waves are reflected at the gas-liquid interface and the time interval between the emitted and the reflected signal is converted into the film thickness [8,9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimation of Local Liquid Film Thickness in Two-Phase Annular Flow

Lee¹,

Yun²,

Kim³

et al. 2012

Nuclear Engineering and Technology

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Planar laser-induced fluorescence (PLIF) measurements of liquid film thickness in annular flow. Part I: Methods and data

Cited by 135 publications

References 15 publications

An Improved Film Thickness Model for Annular Flow Pressure Gradient Estimation in Vertical Gas Wells

An Improved Film Thickness Model for Annular Flow Pressure Gradient Estimation in Vertical Gas Wells

Dynamics of liquid–liquid flows in horizontal pipes using simultaneous two–line planar laser–induced fluorescence and particle velocimetry

Estimation of Local Liquid Film Thickness in Two-Phase Annular Flow

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