Planar Er- and Yb-doped amplifiers and lasers

Hübner, Jörg; Guldberg-Kjær, Søren Andreas; Dyngaard, M.; Shen, Yiming; Thomsen, Carsten; Balslev, Søren; Jensen, Craig C.; Zauner, Dan A.; Feuchter, Thomas

doi:10.1007/s003400100697

Cited by 22 publications

(13 citation statements)

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“…There are also a number of reports on laser operation of RIE-microstructured rib waveguides in layers based on Er/Aldoped germanosilicate glass [129,130] and Ta 2 O 5 :Nd 3+ [190], as well as in silicon [42,43] [194,195] integrated waveguide lasers based on DBR [193], ring [194], and DFB resonators [195]. , and the limited damage that is induced to the lattice as compared to dry etching.…”

Section: Dry Etchingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Chemical vapor deposition (CVD) is capable of producing crystallographically oriented and amorphous layers and has been used for development of active waveguide devices based on glasses [128][129][130], oxides [131], and semiconductor alloys [132]. The CVD process involves growth of a solid film on a substrate either through chemical reactions in the gas phase or, by decomposition of a gaseous precursor of the material intended for deposition.…”

Section: Chemical Vapor Deposition (Cvd)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Optically pumped planar waveguide lasers, Part I: Fundamentals and fabrication techniques

Grivas

2011

Progress in Quantum Electronics

193

102

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Abstract:The tremendous interest in the field of waveguide lasers in the past two decades is largely attributed to the geometry of the gain medium, which provides the possibility to store optical energy on a very small dimension in the form of an optical mode. This allows for realization of sources with enhanced optical gain, low lasing threshold, and small footprint and opens up exciting possibilities in the area of integrated optics by facilitating their on-chip integration with different functionalities and highly compact photonic circuits. Moreover, this geometrical concept is compatible with high power diode pumping schemes as it provides exceptional thermal management, minimizing the impact of thermal loading on laser performance. The proliferation of techniques for fabrication and processing capable of producing high optical quality waveguides has greatly contributed to the growth of waveguide lasers from a topic of fundamental research to an area that encompasses a variety of practical applications. In this first part of the review on optically pumped waveguide lasers the properties that distinguish these sources from other classes of lasers will be discussed. Furthermore, the current state-of-the art in terms of fabrication tools used for producing waveguide lasers is reviewed from the aspects of the processes and the materials involved. 2 1.IntroductionOver the last two decades the field of solid-state planar waveguide lasers has experienced a steady growth, progressing from a laboratory curiosity to an area that demonstrates a broad spectrum of applications, from multiwavelength laser channel arrays for telecommunications to diode-pumped planar structures with multiwatt output powers for sensing and ranging applications. Waveguide lasers are by no means a new field and the first report on such a source dates back in 1961, when laser operation of a waveguide based on an active glass core rod embedded in a low refractive index cladding was demonstrated [1]. However research efforts in the years that followed this report focused primarily on the development of optically pumped laser sources based on high optical quality bulk dielectric laser media in the form of rods and slabs. The merits of the waveguide geometry and the associated optical confinement have been first highlighted in single mode glass optical fibers. Fibers have proven an enabling technology for realization of highly efficient amplifier and laser sources owing to their unrivalled low loss performance and ability to maintain a small spot size and hence high intensities over lengths that are orders of magnitude longer than would normally be allowed by diffraction, [2,3]. Er-doped fiber amplifiers (EDFAs) in particular have directly contributed to the enormous expansion of the optical communications networks that underpin today's internet infrastructure by allowing for signal regeneration and optical data transmission over long distances. The excellent performance of fiber lasers and amplifiers provided motivation and triggered a major techn...

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Section: Dry Etchingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Chemical Vapor Deposition (Cvd)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Optically pumped planar waveguide lasers, Part I: Fundamentals and fabrication techniques

Grivas

2011

Progress in Quantum Electronics

193

102

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“…It is therefore clear that the laminated amplifier can achieve similar gain levels to aluminophosphosilicate amplifiers, even when the level of homogeneity in aluminosilicate layers is low. This is a considerable advantage considering that high inversion levels are difficult to achieve in this glass host [3], [16]- [18]. In this case, the spectral width of the laminated amplifier is 37 nm, as opposed to only 18 nm for the TH4 composition.…”

Section: Laminated Amplifiersmentioning

confidence: 95%

Multilayered Waveguides for Increasing the Gain Bandwidth of Integrated Amplifiers

Laliotis

Yeatman

2007

J. Lightwave Technol.

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Abstract-In this paper, we propose and demonstrate the use of multilayered (laminated) waveguides for increasing the available gain spectrum of sol-gel amplifiers. Experimental investigations of the effects of phosphorus codoping on the amplifier spectral characteristics and fluorescence decay are also presented. We demonstrate that the shape of the erbium emission cross section, for aluminophosphosilicate amplifiers, has a minor dependence on the amount of phosphorus doping and that spectral benefits are only achieved for aluminosilicate amplifiers, albeit with low levels of erbium inversion. Laminated amplifiers, consisting of alternating layers of two compositions, are shown to display novel spectral characteristics that cannot be obtained by the use of single composition cores. Internal gain, which is demonstrated for this device, also suggests that erbium inversion can be maintained at relatively high levels. Experimental results are supported by numerical analysis, and a 20-nm bandwidth increase is observed for laminated amplifiers, with gain levels up to 1.4 dB/cm indicated, when processing conditions are optimized.

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“…Different chemical and physical methods have been attempted to produce RE doped thin film glasses such as sol-gel, chemical vapor deposition, sputtering or pulsed laser deposition (PLD) [21,22,23,24,25]. In particular, PLD has demonstrated to be a very versatile technique to produce thin films and it has been successfully applied to the synthesis of good quality tellurite, oxyfluoride silicate or phospho-tellurite glasses having a complex stoichiometry [24,26,27,28].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Er3+-doped fluorotellurite thin film glasses with improved photoluminescence emission at 1.53 µm

Morea

Miguel

Fernandez

et al. 2016

Journal of Luminescence

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Transparent oxyfluoride tellurite thin film glasses have been produced at room temperature by pulsed laser deposition in O 2 atmosphere from an Er-doped TeO 2 -ZnOZnF 2 bulk glass. Thin film glasses present high refractive index (n≥ 1.95) and good transparency (T≥ 80%) in the visible (λ> 400nm) and near infrared range. However, their photoluminescence (PL) performance at 1.5 µm is poor. Thermal annealing at moderate temperatures (T≤ 315 ºC), well below glass crystallization, increases the PL 2 intensity by more than one order of magnitude as well as the PL lifetime up to τ≈ 3.3 ms. Film glasses present a larger fraction of TeO 3 trigonal pyramids than the bulk glass and a very large OH -content. The structure and composition of film glasses does not change upon annealing and thus the activation of the PL response is related to the improvement of the surface morphology and the significant decrease of their OHcontent.

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Planar Er- and Yb-doped amplifiers and lasers

Cited by 22 publications

References 0 publications

Optically pumped planar waveguide lasers, Part I: Fundamentals and fabrication techniques

Optically pumped planar waveguide lasers, Part I: Fundamentals and fabrication techniques

Multilayered Waveguides for Increasing the Gain Bandwidth of Integrated Amplifiers

Er3+-doped fluorotellurite thin film glasses with improved photoluminescence emission at 1.53 µm

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