Planar diffracted-beam interferometry/holography

Herring, Rodney A.

doi:10.1016/j.ultramic.2007.11.001

Cited by 8 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 19 publications

(29 reference statements)

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“…Shaping and probing the electron wave function lies at the heart of these techniques, in which the electrons are scattered elastically, and consequently, no final sample excitations are produced. Likewise, interference is expected to show up, associated with the creation of sample excitations by e-beams, as demonstrated in the so-called inelastic electron holography. , …”

Section: Quantum and Classical Effects Associated With The Free-elect...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Likewise, interference is expected to show up, associated with the creation of sample excitations by e-beams, as demonstrated in the so-called inelastic electron holography. 175 , 176 …”

Section: Quantum and Classical Effects Associated With The Free-elect...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Likewise, interference is expected to show up, associated with the creation of sample excitations by e-beams, as demonstrated in the so-called inelastic electron holography. 175,176 It should be noted that electron beam spectroscopies involve the creation of excitations in the sample by one electron at a time when using typical beam currents ≲1 nA (i.e., ≲6 electrons per nanosecond). Such relatively low currents are employed to avoid Coulomb electron−electron repulsion and the resulting beam degradation and energy broadening, which are detrimental effects for spatially resolved EELS, although they can still be tolerated in diffraction experiments relying on electron bunches to retrieve structural information, 177 and also in EEGS based on depletion of the ZLP with few-meV energy resolution obtained by tuning the laser frequency.…”

Section: Which Allows Us To Recast the Coupling Coefficient Intomentioning

confidence: 99%

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Optical Excitations with Electron Beams: Challenges and Opportunities

2021

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Free electron beams such as those employed in electron microscopes have evolved into powerful tools to investigate photonic nanostructures with an unrivaled combination of spatial and spectral precision through the analysis of electron energy losses and cathodoluminescence light emission. In combination with ultrafast optics, the emerging field of ultrafast electron microscopy utilizes synchronized femtosecond electron and light pulses that are aimed at the sampled structures, holding the promise to bring simultaneous sub-Å–sub-fs–sub-meV space–time–energy resolution to the study of material and optical-field dynamics. In addition, these advances enable the manipulation of the wave function of individual free electrons in unprecedented ways, opening sound prospects to probe and control quantum excitations at the nanoscale. Here, we provide an overview of photonics research based on free electrons, supplemented by original theoretical insights and discussion of several stimulating challenges and opportunities. In particular, we show that the excitation probability by a single electron is independent of its wave function, apart from a classical average over the transverse beam density profile, whereas the probability for two or more modulated electrons depends on their relative spatial arrangement, thus reflecting the quantum nature of their interactions. We derive first-principles analytical expressions that embody these results and have general validity for arbitrarily shaped electrons and any type of electron–sample interaction. We conclude with some perspectives on various exciting directions that include disruptive approaches to noninvasive spectroscopy and microscopy, the possibility of sampling the nonlinear optical response at the nanoscale, the manipulation of the density matrices associated with free electrons and optical sample modes, and appealing applications in optical modulation of electron beams, all of which could potentially revolutionize the use of free electrons in photonics.

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Section: Quantum and Classical Effects Associated With The Free-elect...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Likewise, interference is expected to show up, associated with the creation of sample excitations by e-beams, as demonstrated in the so-called inelastic electron holography. 175 , 176 …”

Section: Quantum and Classical Effects Associated With The Free-elect...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Which Allows Us To Recast the Coupling Coefficient Intomentioning

confidence: 99%

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Optical Excitations with Electron Beams: Challenges and Opportunities

2021

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“…By using the transmitted beam and two diffracted beams, three electron wave interference has been achieved and used to map the electrostatic field around charged latex particles [143]. The combination of a crystal beam splitter and an electron biprism has also been tested in several set-ups [144][145][146][147][148][149][150], but neither this combination nor a double crystal electron interferometer [151] have yet found applications in the mapping of electromagnetic fields.…”

Section: Amplitude and Mixed-type Set-upsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interferometric methods for mapping static electric and magnetic fields

Pozzi

Beleggia

Kasama

et al. 2014

Comptes Rendus. Physique

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“…In addition to traditional electronoptics lenses [39], control over the transverse electron wave function can be exerted by means of beam splitters [40,41], engineered gratings [42,43], chiral transmission masks [44][45][46], magnetic monopole fields [47], electrically programmable phase plates [48], and active optical-phase imprinting [49][50][51][52][53][54]. A vibrant community is swiftly gathering around these methods, which are the basis for elastic [55,56] and inelastic [57][58][59] holography, and further enable the synthesis of vortex ebeams [44-46, 50, 60], the study of magnetic [45,61] and optical dichroism [62][63][64], and the excitation of localized optical modes of selected symmetry [41].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%