Planar circuit analysis of ultra‐wideband millimeter‐wave inductor using transmission line sections

Abstract

Regarding the capacitive nature of input/output impedances of millimeterwave amplifiers, it is necessary to utilize wideband inductive elements for the design of input/output impedance matching circuits. In this paper, the design and optimization of an ultra-wideband transmission line inductor with an inductance of less than 100 pH are introduced for using at frequencies above 50 GHz. The reason of using this inductor is its superior performance compared to that of a spiral inductor and single-coil inductor. The inductor consists of three rectangular microstrip line segments with nonequal and variable characteristic impedances. The design is done by calculating the impedance matrix using planar circuit analysis (PCA) based on a planar waveguide model, segmentation/desegmentation methods, and an intelligent algorithm in MATLAB. With this design method, the effect of discontinuities, fringing fields at the edges of the microstrip, and the conductor as well as dielectric losses can be considered while minimizing the dispersion effect. In this study, to reduce the calculation time of the impedance matrix, the doubly infinite series are reduced to a singly infinite series by summing the inner sum for a rectangular segment whose one side is shorted and three other sides are open.

A 65 nm CMOS Feedforward Transimpedance Amplifier for Optical Fibers Communications

“…According to extracted data from simulation, compared with SPL TIA, a lower 𝑔 𝑚1 is obtained for the AIL TIA with higher 𝑔 𝑑𝑠1 . This reduction in 𝐴 1 leads to lower voltage gain 𝐴, eventually lowering TIA gain and bandwidth according to Equations ( 11), ( 14) and (15). However, a reduction in the input referred noise current and power consumption do occur.…”

“…A modification to previous literature [9] is worked out based on short channel effects literature [15] regarding mean square induced gate noise voltage (spectral density) for transistor M1 as follows:…”

“…Advanced technologies work in conjunction with fiber networks include Internet of Things (IOT) based 5G networks in which an algorithm based on physical key layer generation (PLKG) and Physical Layer Encryption were used as measures for protection [14]. Wideband inductive elements were utilized in order to design I/O impedance matching circuits given the capacitive nature of I/O impedances of millimeter wave amplifiers [15]. Millimeter wave low noise amplifiers were utilized in 65 nm common-gate inductive feedback by adopting a gate inductor within a cascode stage [16].…”

A A 57-64 GHz High-gain Amplifier using Ultra-wideband Inductors in the IMNs and Optimization by PCA and SDSM

“…In this paper, after the proper design of Pi-shaped wideband input/output and inter-stage impedance matching networks with minimum lumped elements and their implementation with microstrip lines, to achieve a wider bandwidth, the ultra-wideband inductor [26] is used instead of the usual transmission line stub [3], [12], [23], [27] or spiral inductor [15], which were used in most previous articles. Then, using the planar circuit analysis approach based on the planar waveguide model and SDSMs, the overall impedance matrix of matching networks is analytically calculated with high accuracy and minimum computation time.…”

“…Then, using the planar circuit analysis approach based on the planar waveguide model and SDSMs, the overall impedance matrix of matching networks is analytically calculated with high accuracy and minimum computation time. Finally, by optimizing the effective parameters in the impedance matrix of matching networks such as, length and characteristic impedance of each rectangular segment by an intelligent optimization algorithm in MATLAB [26], we were able to achieve the main goal of this paper, which is to design an amplifier with a gain of more than 30 dB (S21max = 30.5dB) in the frequency range of 57 to 64 GHz, and as well excellent input impedance matching (S11min = -25.3dB) and output impedance matching (S22min = -20.6). It should also be noted that the 57 to 64 GHz bandwidth is an IEEE 802.11 wireless networking standard for WiGig networks.…”