Planar chip device for PCR and hybridization with surface acoustic wave pump

Guttenberg, Zeno; Müller, Helena; Habermüller, Heiko; Geisbauer, Andreas; Pipper, J.; Felbel, Jana; Kielpinski, Mark; Scriba, J.; Wixforth, Achim

doi:10.1039/b412712a

Cited by 332 publications

(285 citation statements)

References 54 publications

(59 reference statements)

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“…Principally, these difficulties relate to the bonding of piezoelectric materials which, when joined using conventional electrothermal routes, produce tremendous interfacial stresses 19,20 -an issue reflected in the fact that nearly all SAW micropumps that have been developed to date are employ open channels or planar, chemically treated, surfaces. [21][22][23] Alternative techniques such as surface activated bonding using an argon beam, 24 for example, have somewhat addressed this issue by allowing room temperature processing, but, such methods require sample manipulation within high-vacuum environments and a notably atypical vacuum chamber configuration (for example, the MWB-04 by Sojitsu Manufacturing/ Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Tokyo, Japan), making this route both impractical and prohibitively expensive. As a consequence, researchers have turned to soft lithography, 25 a popular molding technique using a cast liquid elastomer, typically polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), in order to form microchannels.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

UV epoxy bonding for enhanced SAW transmission and microscale acoustofluidic integration

2012

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Surface acoustic waves (SAWs) are appealing as a means to manipulate fluids within lab-on-a-chip systems. However, current acoustofluidic devices almost universally rely on elastomeric materials, especially PDMS, that are inherently ill-suited for conveyance of elastic energy due to their strong attenuation properties. Here, we explore the use of a low-viscosity UV epoxy resin for room temperature bonding of lithium niobate (LiNbO 3 ), the most widely used anisotropic piezoelectric substrate used in the generation of SAWs, to standard micromachined superstrates such as Pyrex1 and silicon. The bonding methodology is straightforward and allows for reliable production of submicron bonds that are capable of enduring the high surface strains and accelerations needed for conveyance of SAWs. Devices prepared with this approach display as much as two orders of magnitude, or 20 dB, improvement in SAW transmission compared to those fabricated using the standard PDMS elastomer. This enhancement enables a broad range of applications in acoustofluidics that are consistent with the low power requirements of portable battery-driven circuits and the development of genuinely portable lab-on-a-chip devices. The method is exemplified in the fabrication of a closed-loop bidirectional SAW pumping concept with applications in micro-scale flow control, and represents the first demonstration of closed channel SAW pumping in a bonded glass/LiNbO 3 device.Chip-based fluidic actuators using surface acoustic waves (SAWs) have become popular among microfluidic practitioners, who continue to explore new applications in acoustofluidic integration.

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confidence: 99%

UV epoxy bonding for enhanced SAW transmission and microscale acoustofluidic integration

2012

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“…Probably one of the first complex SAW based labs on a chip was a system for multi-spot PCR [42]. Here, the chip not only contained the SAW actuation rapid mixing but also heaters and thermometers for a successful DNA amplification on a chip.…”

Section: Saw Driven Freely Programmable Lab-on-a-chip Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surface Acoustic Wave Actuated Lab-on-Chip System for Single Cell Analysis

Thalhammer

Wixforth²

2013

J Biosens Bioelectron

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Collection, selection, amplification and detection of minimal amounts of biological samples became part of everyday life in medical and biological laboratories. The goal of the lab-on-a-chip technology is to automate standard laboratory processes and to analyze smallest samples reproducibly and reliably in a miniaturized format. Until now, however, microfluidic devices are not yet standardized equipment found in biologists' toolboxes. Just one of the obstacles is the difficulty of producing them. We review various approaches for lab-on-chip systems reported in the literature but focus on our own system, based on surface acoustic wave (SAW) actuation. Finally, we present a freely programmable planar chip system actuated by this operating principle and show that it has several advantages over 'conventional' microfluidic channel systems. Apart from avoiding the notorious problems of clogging, large pressure drops, and large surface area, our approach minimizes the risk of contamination and loss of analyte. Entering pointof-care diagnosis, the necessity of single cell analysis is dramatically increasing. To optimize a tumor therapy, for example, knowledge of the genetic composition of the heterogenic tumor tissue is essential. Hence, there exists the need for a reliable analysis system, which can be easily adapted to altering problems without reduction in reliability and reproducibility.

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“…The fluid flow can be taken care of by external pumps which, however, do not guarantee a very precise control of the fluid flow and are subject to wear. A new generation of biochips is based on a surface acoustic waves (SAW)-driven fluid flow [45,56,104,105,108]. Surface acoustic waves are generated by interdigital transducers (IDT), well-known from Micro-ElectroMechanical Systems (MEMS).…”

Section: Fig (2): Microfluidic Biochipmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multiscale and Multiphysics Aspects in Modeling and Simulation of Surface Acoustic Wave Driven Microfluidic Biochips

Antil¹,

Hoppe²,

Linsenmann³

et al. 2012

Progress in Computational Physics (PiCP) Vol: 2 Coupled Fluid Flow in Energy, Biology and Environmental Research

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Microfluidic biochips are devices that are designed for high throughput screening and hybridization in genomics, protein profiling in proteomics, and cell analysis in cytometry. They are used in clinical diagnostics, pharmaceutics and forensics. The biochips consist of a lithographically produced network of channels and reservoirs on top of a glass or plastic plate. The idea is to transport the injected DNA or protein probes in the amount of nanoliters along the network to a reservoir where the chemical analysis is performed. Conventional biochips use external pumps to generate the fluid flow within the network. A more precise control of the fluid flow can be achieved by piezoelectrically agitated surface acoustic waves (SAW) generated by interdigital transducers on top of the chip, traveling across the surface and entering the fluid filled channels. The fluid and SAW interaction can be described by a mathematical model which consists of a coupling of the piezoelectric equations and the compressible Navier-Stokes equations featuring processes that occur on vastly different time scales. In this contribution, we follow a homogenization approach in order to cope with the multiscale behavior of the coupled system that enables a separate treatment of the fast and slowly varying processes. The resulting model equations are the basis for the numerical simulation which is taken care of by implicit time stepping and finite element discretizations in space. Finally, the need for a better efficiency and cost effectiveness of the SAW driven biochips in the sense of a significant speed-up and more favorable reliability of the hybridization process requires an improved design which will also be addressed in this contribution. In particular, the challenge to deal with the resulting large scale optimal control and optimization problems can be met by the application of projection based model reduction techniques.

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Planar chip device for PCR and hybridization with surface acoustic wave pump

Cited by 332 publications

References 54 publications

UV epoxy bonding for enhanced SAW transmission and microscale acoustofluidic integration

UV epoxy bonding for enhanced SAW transmission and microscale acoustofluidic integration

Surface Acoustic Wave Actuated Lab-on-Chip System for Single Cell Analysis

Multiscale and Multiphysics Aspects in Modeling and Simulation of Surface Acoustic Wave Driven Microfluidic Biochips

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