Planar cell polarity in moving cells: think globally, act locally

Davey, Crystal F.; Moens, Cecilia B.

doi:10.1242/dev.122804

Cited by 119 publications

(123 citation statements)

References 162 publications

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“…Originally identified in Drosophila , PCP signaling has been implicated in many aspects of vertebrate morphogenesis, including localization of cilia, polarization of hair cells in the inner ear, skin development, and directed cell migration (Davey and Moens, 2017; Yang and Mlodzik, 2015). The PCP pathway organizes cells within the plane of the membrane (orthogonal to any apical-basal polarity that might be present), allowing cells to orient themselves with respect to global directional cues.…”

Section: Signaling Network Implicated In the Regulation Of Lens Simentioning

confidence: 99%

The lens growth process

Bassnett

Šikić

2017

Progress in Retinal and Eye Research

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The factors that regulate the size of organs to ensure that they fit within an organism are not well understood. A simple organ, the ocular lens serves as a useful model with which to tackle this problem. In many systems, considerable variance in the organ growth process is tolerable. This is almost certainly not the case in the lens, which in addition to fitting comfortably within the eyeball, must also be of the correct size and shape to focus light sharply onto the retina. Furthermore, the lens does not perform its optical function in isolation. Its growth, which continues throughout life, must therefore be coordinated with that of other tissues in the optical train. Here, we review the lens growth process in detail, from pioneering clinical investigations in the late nineteenth century to insights gleaned more recently in the course of cell and molecular studies. During embryonic development, the lens forms from an invagination of surface ectoderm. Consequently, the progenitor cell population is located at the surface and differentiated cells are confined to the interior. The interactions that regulate cell fate thus occur within the obligate ellipsoidal geometry of the lens. In this context, mathematical models are particularly appropriate tools with which to examine the growth process. In addition to identifying key growth determinants, such models constitute a framework for integrating cell biological and optical data, helping clarify the relationship between gene expression in the lens and image quality at the retinal plane.

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Section: Signaling Network Implicated In the Regulation Of Lens Simentioning

confidence: 99%

The lens growth process

Bassnett

Šikić

2017

Progress in Retinal and Eye Research

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“…To determine the role of Vangl2 in Xenopus gut morphogenesis, we first asked whether Vangl2 is asymmetrically localized in endoderm cells. Others have found it difficult to visualize endogenous PCP proteins during dynamic morphogenetic processes (eg, CE) without employing mosaic overexpression strategies . We therefore injected a low dose of Xenopus vangl2 mRNA (approximately 25% of the amount required to elicit a gain of function phenotype; see Experimental Procedures) to overexpress the protein in a mosaic manner.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, Prickle1 synergizes with Vangl2 in establishing or maintaining the apicobasal polarity of epiblast cells of the early mouse embryo . Likewise, cells of both the Xenopus neuroectoderm and skin have an apical enrichment of Vangl2 required to undergo radial intercalation to a more superficial position within their respective tissue; Vangl2 is found at the tips of these intercalating cells to drive their invasion into the overlying cell layer …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The ability of PCP signaling to orient tissue‐level patterning results from polarized distribution of the “core” components of the pathway within individual cells. For example, the Drosophila protein Van Gogh and its binding partner Prickle form a membrane‐bound complex selectively enriched at the proximal borders of wing cells, with complementary enhancement of a complex of Frizzled and Dishevelled at the distal membranes . These and other PCP components act within and between cells to establish and coordinate cell polarity across the tissue.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, the Drosophila protein Van Gogh and its binding partner Prickle form a membranebound complex selectively enriched at the proximal borders of wing cells, with complementary enhancement of a complex of Frizzled and Dishevelled at the distal membranes. 5 These and other PCP components act within and between cells to establish and coordinate cell polarity across the tissue. Similar segregation patterns and interactions are exhibited by PCP proteins in vertebrate organs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Vangl2 coordinates cell rearrangements during gut elongation

Dush

Nascone-Yoder

2019

Developmental Dynamics

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Background The embryonic gut tube undergoes extensive lengthening to generate the surface area required for nutrient absorption across the digestive epithelium. In Xenopus, narrowing and elongation of the tube is driven by radial rearrangements of its core of endoderm cells, a process that concomitantly opens the gut lumen and facilitates epithelial morphogenesis. How endoderm rearrangements are properly oriented and coordinated to achieve this complex morphogenetic outcome is unknown. Results We find that, prior to gut elongation, the core Wnt/PCP component Vangl2 becomes enriched at both the anterior and apical aspects of individual endoderm cells. In Vangl2‐depleted guts, the cells remain unpolarized, down‐regulate cell‐cell adhesion proteins, and, consequently, fail to rearrange, leading to a short gut with an occluded lumen and undifferentiated epithelium. In contrast, endoderm cells with ectopic Vangl2 protein acquire abnormal polarity and adhesive contacts. As a result, endoderm cells also fail to rearrange properly and undergo ectopic differentiation, resulting in guts with multiple torturous lumens, irregular epithelial architecture, and variable intestinal topologies. Conclusions Asymmetrical enrichment of Vangl2 in individual gut endoderm cells orients polarity and adhesion during radial rearrangements, coordinating digestive epithelial morphogenesis and lumen formation with gut tube elongation.

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