Planar cell polarity: global inputs establishing cellular asymmetry

Aw, Wen; Devenport, Danelle

doi:10.1016/j.ceb.2016.08.002

Cited by 85 publications

(87 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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Section: Apicobasal Polarity and Organization Of The Apical Side Of Ementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Epithelial cell sheets with a differentiated apical side are formed and organized through mechanisms involving apicobasal polarity, the details of which have been well addressed in other reviews. [8][9][10][11][12] In general, for apicobasal polarization in epithelial cell sheets, polarity proteins generate asymmetric membrane domains that form the basis for the establishment of cell-cell adhesive TJs and AJs into combined apical junctional complexes (AJCs). Here, we address simple polar epithelia of a certain apical-basolateral type and some changes included in all simple epithelia characterized by a different type of apical domain, such as the bile canaliculus of hepatocytes or the secretory apex of lactating mammary gland cells with apical fat droplet location and budding.…”

Section: Apicobasal Polarity and Organization Of The Apical Side Of Ementioning

confidence: 99%

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Apical cytoskeletons and junctional complexes as a combined system in epithelial cell sheets

Yano

Kanoh

Tamura

et al. 2017

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

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Epithelial cell sheet formation is central to many aspects of vertebrate development and function. For example, it is a major principle of differentiation in embryogenesis and regeneration, enables the compartmentalization of tissues, and is the basis for the maintenance of homeostasis throughout the body. A key characteristic of biologically functional epithelial cell sheets is a clear difference between the top and bottom sides owing to the apicobasal polarity of the cells in the sheet, as seen in the simple polar epithelia. Epithelial cell sheets are formed by cell-cell adhesion conferred by junctional complexes, in particular via tight junctions (TJs), which thus create a paracellular barrier. This review focuses on the apical side of the sheet, which serves as the front line. The apical membranes and TJs of the various tissues have specific characteristics that enable them to function and adapt to their biological context: each system must be robust, but also dynamic and flexible to maintain homeostasis. Here, we describe various apical cytoskeletal structures that are critical to the integrity of epithelial cell sheets. We also discuss the association of apical cytoskeletal networks with TJs, which thus forms a combined system, tentatively termed the TJ-apical complex.

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Section: Apicobasal Polarity and Organization Of The Apical Side Of Ementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Apicobasal Polarity and Organization Of The Apical Side Of Ementioning

confidence: 99%

Apical cytoskeletons and junctional complexes as a combined system in epithelial cell sheets

Yano

Kanoh

Tamura

et al. 2017

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

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“…In the brain ventricles, motile cilia are also uniformly oriented to drive a directional cerebrospinal fluid flow that provides directional cues for brain development and is required for normal spine curvature2328293031. The uniform orientation of motile cilia in these tissues is a manifestation of planar cell polarity (PCP)263233343536, which refers to the coordinated polarization of cells along the plane of the tissue. The polarity and the beating direction of each cilium are dictated by the position and orientation of the basal body2123273738.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Cilia distribution and polarity in the epithelial lining of the mouse middle ear cavity

Luo

Taylor

et al. 2017

Sci Rep

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The middle ear conducts sound to the cochlea for hearing. Otitis media (OM) is the most common illness in childhood. Moreover, chronic OM with effusion (COME) is the leading cause of conductive hearing loss. Clinically, COME is highly associated with Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia, implicating significant contributions of cilia dysfunction to COME. The understanding of middle ear cilia properties that are critical to OM susceptibility, however, is limited. Here, we confirmed the presence of a ciliated region near the Eustachian tube orifice at the ventral region of the middle ear cavity, consisting mostly of a lumen layer of multi-ciliated and a layer of Keratin-5-positive basal cells. We also found that the motile cilia are polarized coordinately and display a planar cell polarity. Surprisingly, we also found a region of multi-ciliated cells that line the posterior dorsal pole of the middle ear cavity which was previously thought to contain only non-ciliated cells. Our study provided a more complete understanding of cilia distribution and revealed for the first time coordinated polarity of cilia in the epithelium of the mammalian middle ear, thus illustrating novel structural features that are likely critical for middle ear functions and related to OM susceptibility.

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“…Evidence for cell-cell interactions during planar polarisation was provided by early transplantation 33 experiments (Piepho, 1955;Locke, 1959) and later by direct manipulation of underlying genetic 34 pathways in the fruit fly Drosophila (reviewed in Strutt, 2009). The best-studied pathway is known 35 as the 'core' pathway (Goodrich and Strutt, 2011;Aw and Devenport, 2017), which shows clear 36 evidence of cell-cell communication. However, some experimental results remain controversial, 37 leading to uncertainty about the nature of such 'signalling '.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Information Flow in Planar Polarity

Fisher

Strutt

Fletcher

2017

Preprint

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Polarisation is one of the most basic levels of cell organisation. In developing tissues, sheets of cells become planar polarised -within the plane of the tissue -which is vital for coordinated cell behaviours during morphogenesis. Half a century ago, transplantation experiments revealed the ability of cells to communicate their planar polarity with their neighbours, but the underlying mechanisms remain controversial. By re-examining non-autonomous clone phenotypes in the Drosophila wing, coupled with computational modelling, we characterise mechanisms by which polarity information can flow bidirectionally between the polarity proteins Frizzled (Fz) and Van Gogh (Vang). Unexpectedly, our modelling suggests that local intracellular feedback interactions confer directionality of information flow indirectly as a consequence of protein sorting. We conclude that directional signalling between cells depends on (i) the ability of polarity proteins to preferentially form asymmetric intercellular complexes, and (ii) the balance of feedback interactions between components of these complexes. In particular, the observed bidirectionality of signalling can be reproduced in our computational models through more than one combination of molecular wirings, suggesting avenues for future experimental investigations.not peer-reviewed)

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Planar cell polarity: global inputs establishing cellular asymmetry

Cited by 85 publications

References 54 publications

Apical cytoskeletons and junctional complexes as a combined system in epithelial cell sheets

Apical cytoskeletons and junctional complexes as a combined system in epithelial cell sheets

Cilia distribution and polarity in the epithelial lining of the mouse middle ear cavity

Information Flow in Planar Polarity

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