Plain water consumption is associated with lower intake of caloric beverage: cross-sectional study in Mexican adults with low socioeconomic status

Abstract

BackgroundPlain water (PW) should be the main beverage consumed by the population. However, consumption of caloric beverages (CB) has increased considerably worldwide. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the association between CB and PW intake in Mexican adults with a low socioeconomic status (SES).MethodsIn a cross-sectional design, beverage consumption was evaluated with a 24-h beverages recall using the five-step multiple-pass method recommended by the U.S. Department of Agriculture. Physical activity, anthropometric and sociodemographic information were obtained. CB was defined as those beverages that provide energy, with the exception of low-fat milk and beverages with noncaloric sweeteners. Participants were classified into five groups according to their PW consumption (nondrinkers and four quartiles). Differences between groups were evaluated with ANOVA and Bonferroni tests for multiple comparisons among quartiles. A two-stage Heckman regression model was designed with robust standard errors, adjusting for potential confounders.ResultsA total of 1108 adults between 21 and 59 years of age were evaluated. A negative association was noted between PW intake and CB consumption (p <0.001) with the exception of natural juice, which was positive (p <0.01) and sodas that no differences were found between quartiles. Specifically, for every milliliter of PW, the intake of CB was 3.4, 1.3, 0.68 and 0.38 mL in each quartile, respectively (p <0.001). In Heckman’s model, PW consumers were 0.5 times less likely to consume CB (p = 0.029). This probability increased to 0.9 for low-fat milk, skim milk and beverages without added sugar (LFM-BWAS) consumers (p <0.001). Also, for every 100 mL of PW consumption, CB intake diminished by 20 mL (p <0.001). In turn, for every 100 mL of LFM-BWAS consumption, a reduction of 47 mL in CB was observed (p <0.001).ConclusionsHigher PW consumption was associated with lower CB consumption. This association suggests that future studies are warranted to determine if increasing PW intake in a low SES Mexican population can reduce intake of CB.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12889-015-1699-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Drinking Water Intake Is Associated with Higher Diet Quality among French Adults

“…A similar observation was made by Illescas-Zarate et al in her study among Mexican adults, in which a negative association was found between drinking water intake and sugar-sweetened beverages [42]. …”

“…In the literature, associations have been found between drinking water intake and some socioeconomic determinants, such as sex [42,44], age [22,23,41,45], education level [22,23], income [23,45], level of physical activity [22,23,41], and smoking status [11,23,41]. The novelty of our study is that drinking water patterns were explored in light of several factors combined (socio-demographics, lifestyle determinants, and overall dietary intake).…”

Association between Plain Water and Sugar-Sweetened Beverages and Total Energy Intake among Mexican School-Age Children

“…Comprising 75% of body weight in infants to 55% in the elderly, it is essential for the maintenance of adequate hydration [1] and cellular homeostasis [2]. …”

“…Regarding diet, plain water (PW) consumption promotes a decrease in total energy intake [1,4,5]; it tends to replace caloric beverage intake, and creates a sensation of satiety, assuaging feelings of hunger and the desire to eat [5]. …”

Replacing Sugar Sweetened Beverages with Plain Water Improves Body Composition among Female Youth

“…Plain water intake may also promote fullness to the stomach and did not differ in their ability to suppress hunger than the SSB [16]. It may also promotes hydration, increase satiety and thermogenesis, therefore reduce intake of other food [17].…”