Plain radiographic evaluation of the nasopharynx: Do raters agree?

Kolo, Emmanuel Sara; Salisu, Abubakar Danjuma; Tabari, AM; Dahilo, EA; Aluko, AbdulAkeem Adebayo

doi:10.1016/j.ijporl.2010.02.015

Cited by 15 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…A lateral cephalometric radiograph is a simple, economical, and reproducible way to measure adenoid size [37,38]. The accuracy of this method has been questioned in view of the fact that these radiographs represent the nasopharynx in only two dimensions [39,40], however, a number of authors have found this examination is practical, and gives satisfactory results for children of all ages [30-33,41-43].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Associations between Adenotonsillar Hypertrophy, Age, and Obesity in Children with Obstructive Sleep Apnea

et al. 2013

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ObjectiveTo investigate the contributions of adenoid and tonsil size to childhood obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and the interactions between adenotonsillar hypertrophy, age, and obesity in children with OSA.MethodsIn total, 495 symptomatic patients were recruited. The patients were assigned to four groups according to age：toddler (age 1-3, n=42), preschool (age 3-6, n=164), school (age 6-12, n=200), and adolescence (age 12-18, n=89). All subjects had tonsil size graded by otolaryngologists, adenoid size determined on lateral radiographs (Fujioka method), and a full-night polysomnography. The apnea-hypopnea index (AHI), adenoid size, and tonsil size were compared in obese and non-obese children in the four age groups. Adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence interval (CI) of adenotonsillar hypertrophy and OSA risk were estimated by multi-logistic regression.ResultsThe AHI was positively related to tonsil grade (r=0.33, p <0.001) and adenoid size (r=0.24, p <0.01) in all patients. Tonsil grade was positively related to AHI in all four age groups. Adenoid size was positively related to AHI in the toddler, preschool, school groups, but not in the adolescent group (r=0.11, p=0.37). Tonsil grade and adenoid size were both positively related to AHI in obese and non-obese children. In the regression model, obesity (OR=2.89; 95% CI 1.47-5.68), tonsillar hypertrophy (OR=3.15; 95% CI 2.04-4.88), and adenoidal hypertrophy (OR=1.89; 95% CI 1.19-3.00) significantly increased OSA risk.ConclusionsAdenotonsillar hypertrophy and obesity are the major determinants of OSA in children. However, the influence of adenoid size decreases in adolescence.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Associations between Adenotonsillar Hypertrophy, Age, and Obesity in Children with Obstructive Sleep Apnea

et al. 2013

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“…Different methods have been described in literature as regards the evaluation of adenoids on lateral nasopharyngeal radiographs. [ 9 12 13 14 15 ] The method employed in this study was the same with the method used by most of the previous studies. [ 7 8 9 12 ] ANR had been found to reflect both the adenoidal size and nasopharyngeal capacity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Correlation between adenoidal nasopharyngeal ratio and symptoms of enlarged adenoids in children with adenoidal hypertrophy

Adedeji

Amusa

Aremu

2016

Afr J Paediatr Surg

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Background:Adenoid hypertrophy is one of the most common health problems affecting the paediatric population. This study aims to correlate adenoidal nasopharyngeal ratio (ANR) with symptoms of enlarged adenoids in children with enlarged adenoids.Materials and Methods:It was a year, cross-sectional, hospital-based study conducted at Lautech Teaching Hospital, Osogbo. ANR was determined by dividing adenoidal depth with nasopharyngeal depth on the plain lateral radiographs.Results:A total of 90 consecutive children consisting of 61 males and 29 females were included in the study with M:F ratio of 2.1:1. Their ages ranged from 8 months to 11 years. All the patients presented with nasal obstruction, mouth breathing and noisy breathing. Majority (64.5%) had severe obstructions with preponderance among children of 3-5 years (39.9%). Linear regression analysis showed significant association between age and ANR (t = 10.447, P < 0.001). There was high significant association (P < 0.05) between presenting symptoms and degree of nasopharyngeal airway obstruction; for snoring (r = 0.251, P = 0.000), sleep apnoea (r = 0.594, P = 0.000), nasal discharge (r = 0.314, P = 0.001), excessive daytime sleepiness (r = 0.219, P = 0.019) and failure to thrive (r = 0.240, P = 0.011).Conclusion:Lateral X-ray of the nasopharynx is an effective tool to evaluate children with suspected adenoid hypertrophy. It correlates well with patients’ symptoms and provides objective measures of adenoid hypertrophy.

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“…Therefore, sometimes it may not be possible to perform this in younger children without sedation. A lateral cephalometric radiograph has been shown as effective to diagnose adenoid hypertrophy [26][27][28]. It is noninvasive, simple, easy to perform, and reproducible.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of adenotonsillectomy on serum insulin like growth factors and the adenoid/nasopharynx ratio in pediatric patients: A blind, prospective clinical study

Tatlipinar

Atalay

Esen

et al. 2012

International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology

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Plain radiographic evaluation of the nasopharynx: Do raters agree?

Cited by 15 publications

References 12 publications

Associations between Adenotonsillar Hypertrophy, Age, and Obesity in Children with Obstructive Sleep Apnea

Associations between Adenotonsillar Hypertrophy, Age, and Obesity in Children with Obstructive Sleep Apnea

Correlation between adenoidal nasopharyngeal ratio and symptoms of enlarged adenoids in children with adenoidal hypertrophy

The effect of adenotonsillectomy on serum insulin like growth factors and the adenoid/nasopharynx ratio in pediatric patients: A blind, prospective clinical study

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