Plagues--What's Past Is Present: Thoughts on the Origin and History of New Infectious Diseases

Ampel, Neil M.

doi:10.1093/clinids/13.4.658

Cited by 24 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…on July 31, 2020 by guest http://jvi.asm.org/ increasing in incidence or expanding in geographic range (1,36). Recent examples include equine morbillivirus, HIV, hantavirus, hemorrhagic fever viruses, arboviruses, and bovine spongiform encephalopathy, canine distemper, and influenza viruses (2,36,39). While these newly emerging pathogens are highly heterogeneous in their structures and replication strategies, many are zoonotic pathogens that have bridged the species barrier by evolving the capacity to interact with specific cellular factors which normally function to ablate virus entry, replication, or transmission in the new host species.…”

Section: Mhv-h2 Intergenic Domains a Single C-terminal Amino Acid Almentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Zoonotic viruses are potentially rich sources of new emerging viral diseases in humans and animals, yet the molecular and genetic mechanisms permitting the establishment and dissemination of such a virus within a newly adopted host are poorly understood (1,2,36,39). While many suspect that most new viral diseases of humans arose by cross-species transmission from animal reservoirs, virology has largely remained outside the paradigm of the synthetic theory of evolution (34).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Episodic evolution mediates interspecies transfer of a murine coronavirus

Baric

Yount

Hensley

et al. 1997

J Virol

103

138

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Molecular mechanisms permitting the establishment and dissemination of a virus within a newly adopted host species are poorly understood. Mouse hepatitis virus (MHV) strains (MHV-A59, MHV-JHM, and MHV-A59/MHV-JHM) were passaged in mixed cultures containing progressively increasing concentrations of nonpermissive Syrian baby hamster kidney (BHK) cells and decreasing concentrations of permissive murine DBT cells. From MHV-A59/MHV-JHM mixed infection, variant viruses (MHV-H1 and MHV-H2) which replicated efficiently in BHK cells were isolated. Under identical treatment conditions, the parental MHV-A59 or MHV-JHM strains failed to produce infectious virus or transcribe detectable levels of viral RNA or protein. The MHV-H isolates were polytrophic, replicating efficiently in normally nonpermissive Syrian hamster smooth muscle (DDT-1), Chinese hamster ovary (CHO), human adenocarcinoma (HRT), primate kidney (Vero), and murine 17Cl-1 cell lines. Little if any virus replication was detected in feline kidney (CRFK) and porcine testicular (ST) cell lines. The variant virus, MHV-H2, transcribed seven mRNAs equivalent in relative abundance and size to those synthesized by the parental virus strains. MHV-H2 was an RNA recombinant virus containing a crossover site in the S glycoprotein gene. At the molecular level, episodic evolution and positive Darwinian natural selection were apparent within the MHV-H2 S and HE glycoprotein genes. These findings differ from the hypothesis that neutral changes are the predominant feature of molecular evolution and argue that changing ecologies actuate episodic evolution in the MHV spike glycoprotein genes that govern interspecies transfer and spread into alternative hosts.

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Section: Mhv-h2 Intergenic Domains a Single C-terminal Amino Acid Almentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Episodic evolution mediates interspecies transfer of a murine coronavirus

Baric

Yount

Hensley

et al. 1997

J Virol

103

138

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“…[3][4][5][6][7] Clearly, however, the terminology of emergence is not entirely new. 8,9 In the Old Testament, ancient China, classical Greece and Rome, and in subsequent centuries, new diseases have repeatedly been said to be "introduced", or to "appear", "approach", "arise", "breed", "progress", "spread", or "invade" etc. [10][11][12] In this article we ask two basic questions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emerging infections: a perpetual challenge

Morens

Folkers

Fauci

2008

The Lancet Infectious Diseases

242

179

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Emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases, and their determinants, have recently attracted substantial scientific and popular attention. HIV/AIDS, severe acute respiratory syndrome, H5N1 avian influenza, and many other emerging diseases have either proved fatal or caused international alarm. Common and interactive co-determinants of disease emergence, including population growth, travel, and environmental disruption, have been increasingly documented and studied. Are emerging infections a new phenomenon related to modern life, or do more basic determinants, transcending time, place, and human progress, govern disease generation? By examining a number of historically notable epidemics, we suggest that emerging diseases, similar in their novelty, impact, and elicitation of control responses, have occurred throughout recorded history. Fundamental determinants, typically acting in concert, seem to underlie their emergence, and infections such as these are likely to continue to remain challenges to human survival.

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“…Public health geared up initially in response to the first set of problems and is now moving to control the second. [p. 2241 Ampel (1991) found that this progress against infectious diseases has led to a general attitude that, although some great battles were ahead, the war against infection was won. The possibility of the development of new infections was not widely considered.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%