The upper part of a pile of andesitic volcanogenic sediments underlying Upper Cretaceous chalk was sampled on the Naturaliste Plateau at DSDP Site 264. Material recovered from the pile is entirely volcanic and is composed mainly of rock fragments that probably represent coarse clasts in the sequence. Minor conglomerate in which pebbles of volcanic rock are embedded in a highly altered tuffaceous matrix was recovered at two levels. In general, high alteration makes interpretation of original compositions uncertain. The volcanic clasts range widely in composition from rhyolite to probable andesite or basaltic andesite of an apparent calcalkaline andesitic suite unlike any volcanic suite now exposed on nearby parts of southwest Australia. Rhyolitic rocks show apparent ignimbritic textures, suggesting that volcanism in the unknown source volcanic complex was at least in part subaerial. The source terrain must have been nearby, possibly even the plateau which has been only superficially sampled itself. Petrologic and chemical characteristics of the rocks suggest a volcanic island-arc source or perhaps a continental margin volcanic and orogenic belt, now submerged, related to an early stage of development of the eastern Indian Ocean.