Placing the origin of two species-rich genera in the late cretaceous with later species divergence in the tertiary: a phylogenetic, biogeographic and molecular dating analysis of Piper and Peperomia (Piperaceae)

New World Origins of Southwest Pacific Gesneriaceae: Multiple Movements Across and Within the South Pacific

“…However, subtropical Coronanthereae might have been unsuited for the cool climate and extreme seasonality of Antarctica, which finally became inhospitable to woody plants ;15 Ma (Hill and Scriven 1995). The findings in numerous molecular studies now support the hypothesis that current biotic patterns in the southern Pacific are influenced by dispersal (Swenson and Bremer 1997;Hurr et al 1999;Wagstaff et al 2000Wagstaff et al , 2002Mummenhoff et al 2001;Gemmill et al 2002;Winkworth et al 2002b;Howarth et al 2003;Nepokroeff et al 2003;Smissen et al 2003;Berry et al 2004;Clement et al 2004;Mummenhoff 2004;Albach et al 2005;Bartish et al 2005;Cronk et al 2005;Motley et al 2005;Meudt and Simpson 2006;Clark et al 2008Clark et al , 2009Pfeil and Crisp 2008;Smith et al 2008;Tay et al 2010). The inference of dispersal has been most obvious for species on oceanic islands of recent origin but less so for those on continental islands.…”

FINGERPRINT ANALYSIS OF UNFRACTIONATED Piper PLANT EXTRACTS BY HPLC-UV-DAD COUPLED WITH CHEMOMETRIC METHODS

“…Phylogenetic studies reported to Piper has described some relationship degree to P. aduncum and P. hispidum both belonging to Radula subclade, and P. marginatum with P. peltatum, which are representative species of Pothomorphe subclade 2,17,18 (to the best of our knowledge additional species studied here has not been reported into phylogenetic analysis). However, our research let us to conclude different relationships as follows: P. subtomentosum (flowers) and P. artanthe (aerial part); P. hispidum (leaves and roots) and P. marginatum (aerial part); P. arboreum (aerial part), P. amalago (leaves) and P. holtonii (aerial part); and P. eriopodom (fruits and leaves) and P. cumanense (leaves); and P. peltatum (aerial part), P. septuplinervium (aerial part) and Piper sp.…”

“…The statistical comparison on secondary metabolites from Piper plants achieved here could be paralleled with those to DNA sequence or related data in the same way as those to morphological characters published before to establish a phylogeny of genus Piper. However, many species studied in the present paper has not been included into the most recent publications about phylogenetic relationships to Piper species 2,17,18 . Moreover, the high species diversity within Piper is unique among the traditional Magnoliidae 3 , constituting this genus as a complicated case of study.…”

Fossil calibration of Magnoliidae, an ancient lineage of angiosperms

“…Previous molecular dating analyses of Magnoliidae have been carried out either at an intra-ordinal level (e.g., Chanderbali et al, 2001;Doyle et al, 2004;Pirie et al, 2006;Smith et al, 2008;Marquínez et al, 2009;Pirie and Doyle, 2012) or at the level of angiosperms and higher (e.g., Bell et al, 2005Bell et al, , 2010Moore et al, 2007;Soltis et al, 2008;Magallón and Castillo, 2009;Magallón, 2010;Smith et al, 2010). A maximum of six calibration points have been used so far within the group (Magallón and Castillo, 2009).…”