“Places to stand”: Multiple metaphors for framing ChatGPT's corpus

A Systematic Review on The Use of Artificial Intelligence in Writing

“…Studies done by Sundar & Liao (2023); Hung & Chen (2023) have shown that ChatGPT has been used as the main source of information for students. According to Anderson (2023), "ChatGPT which was first introduced in November 2022 was pre-trained based on a vast corpus of human-generated text, and further extensively fine-tuned on specific tasks". Thus, ChatGPT is excellent at using natural language, trained to guess the next word, generating highly human-like text, or performing other human language tasks like having a dialogue.…”

Assistant, Parrot, or Colonizing Loudspeaker? ChatGPT Metaphors for Developing Critical AI Literacies

“…), tool and collaborator. By analyzing media sources and critiquing their framing of these metaphors, Anderson (2023) goes on to provide medical or surgical metaphors for ChatGPT's engagement with human writing instead as a means to encourage more critical engagement with it: "AI-generated compositions may even resemble blood products (with aggregated contributions from vast numbers of people), stem cells (which derive from particular people but which may be used to generate something new), or donor organs and tissues (which enable the transplant of whole structures from one person to another)" (p.8). Through these generative metaphors, they recommend that teachers should be thoughtful about the kind of metaphors they use in their assignments as they talk about ChatGPT or similar technologies, and also encourage students to notice how different technical documents around them, like university policies and academic guidelines, employ metaphors for AI.…”

“…To sum up, we see our research as expanding Anderson's (2023) approach to thinking about metaphors that we use for ChatGPT and AI technologies in the classroom as a means to developing critical digital literacies. We have built on their approach by bringing it into conversation with the larger body of research on the role of AI metaphors in tech adoption like that of Khadpe et al (2020); application of metaphor theory in education (Tham et al 2021;Lukeš, 2019;Martins, 1991); and calls to develop critical AI literacy (Bali, 2023) that counter-balance the more instrumental and functional approaches to AI literacy (Raffaghelli et al, 2020;Zawacki-Rickter et al, 2019).…”

ChatGPT: A trusted source?

“…Among the key criticisms of generative AI systems is that they are prone to 'hallucinations 'i.e. getting things wrong (van Dis, Bollen, Zuidema, van Rooij, & Bockting, 2023) and can be biased (Anderson, 2023). The response by ChatGPT 3.5 in February 2023 to Prompt 1, was very sure with respect to the relevance and accuracy of responses it provides: "my answers may not always be perfect or 100% accurate."…”

“…The need to improve the AI literacy of students has been called for by several studies (Dai et al, 2020;Kim & Lee, 2023;Ng, Leung, Chu, & Qiao, 2021). Since the launch of ChatGPT and other generative AI tools, there has been a corresponding call for AI literacy specifically in generative AI (Anderson, 2023;Concannon, Costello, Farrell, Farrelly, & Graves Wolf, 2023;Duha, 2023;Henriksen, Woo, & Mishra, 2023;Krügel, Ostermaier, & Uhl, 2023). At a national level in Ireland, the report by the National Academic Integrity Network has emphasised the importance of such student education: "It is crucially important (for students) to understand how such technologies work and be aware of their limitations as well as their apparent strengths."…”