Placentitis and abortion caused by a multidrug resistant strain of Campylobacter fetus subspecies fetus in a sheep in Uruguay

Dorsch, Matías A.; Casaux, María Laura; Calleros, Lucía; Aráoz, Virginia; Caffarena, Rubén D.; Monesiglio, Cecilia; Barcellos, Maila; Silveira, Caroline da Silva; Perdomo, Yisell; Banchero, Georgget; Uzal, Francisco A.; Fraga, Martín; Giannitti, Federico

doi:10.1016/j.ram.2021.02.005

Cited by 9 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Campylobacter fetus subsp. fetus was the second most frequent cause of abortion we identified, an agent that had not been detected as an ovine abortifacient in Uruguay until recently ( 23 ). Four fetuses were submitted from a flock with a history of sporadic abortions every season.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diagnostic Investigation of 100 Cases of Abortion in Sheep in Uruguay: 2015–2021

et al. 2022

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The aim of this work was to identify causes of abortion through laboratory investigations in sheep flocks in Uruguay. One hundred cases of abortion, comprising 58 fetuses, 36 fetuses with their placentas, and 6 placentas were investigated in 2015–2021. Cases were subjected to gross and microscopic pathologic examinations, and microbiological and serological testing for the identification of causes of abortion, including protozoal, bacterial, and viral pathogens. An etiologic diagnosis was determined in 46 (46%) cases, including 33 (33%) cases caused by infectious pathogens, as determined by the detection of a pathogen along with the identification of fetoplacental lesions attributable to the detected pathogen. Twenty-seven cases (27%) were caused by Toxoplasma gondii, 5 (5%) by Campylobacter fetus subspecies fetus, and 1 (1%) by an unidentified species of Campylobacter. Fourteen cases (14%) had inflammatory and/or necrotizing fetoplacental lesions compatible with an infectious etiology. Although the cause for these lesions was not clearly identified, T. gondii was detected in 4 of these cases, opportunistic bacteria (Bacillus licheniformis, Streptococcus sp.) were isolated in 2 cases, and bovine viral diarrhea virus 1 subtype i (BVDV-1i) was detected in another. Campylobacter jejuni was identified in 1 (1%) severely autolyzed, mummified fetus. BVDV-2b was identified incidentally in one fetus with an etiologic diagnosis of toxoplasmosis. Microscopic agglutination test revealed antibodies against ≥1 Leptospira serovars in 15/63 (23.8%) fetuses; however, Leptospira was not identified by a combination of qPCR, culture, fluorescent antibody testing nor immunohistochemistry. Neospora caninum, Chlamydia abortus, Chlamydia pecorum, Coxiella burnetii and border disease virus were not detected in any of the analyzed cases. Death was attributed to dystocia in 13 (13%) fetuses delivered by 8 sheep, mostly from one highly prolific flock. Congenital malformations including inferior prognathism, a focal hepatic cyst, and enterohepatic agenesis were identified in one fetus each, the latter being the only one considered incompatible with postnatal life. Toxoplasmosis, campylobacteriosis and dystocia were the main identified causes of fetal losses. Despite the relatively low overall success rate in establishing an etiologic diagnosis, a systematic laboratory workup in cases of abortion is of value to identify their causes and enables zoonotic pathogens surveillance.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diagnostic Investigation of 100 Cases of Abortion in Sheep in Uruguay: 2015–2021

et al. 2022

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“…While, this rate is high than the rate recorded in Sistan region which is 7% (8). in Uruguay, Campylobacter recorded as abortion cause in a rate of 6% (9). The detected rate is less than the rate that recorded in Iran which is 50.6% (10).In the current study, the difference between infection recoded in compare with other study may due to geographic differences in the study area, seasonal of the study, techniques used in diagnosis, clinical signs management and control programs (11).The current study showed that high relationship between Campylobacter infection and placenta retention, that's due to the ability of Campylobacter to cause placentitis and the cotyledons separate easily from the caruncles.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationship between infection with Campylobacteriosis and genital disorder in ewes

Dhaher¹,

Noomi²,

Khalaf³

et al. 2022

Basrah J. Vet. Res.

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Bacteria is the main cause of the genital disorder. Abortion, recurrent abortion and placenta retention are the main disorder accompanying with pregnancy failure. The current study aimed to find the relationship between this disorder and Campylobacter infection and main Campylobacter species related to this disorder. For this purpose, 50 aborted fetuses and vaginal swabs were collected. Case history and multiplex PCR were applied. The result showed that Campylobacter detected at a rate 26% in abortion cases and 61.5% of positive cases of campylobacter spp. are accompanied by placenta retention. The current study revealed that 75% of positive cases of campylobacter spp. accompany with recurrent abortion. According to MPCR test, Campylobacter fetus, Campylobacter jejuni, and Campylobacter coli were detected in a rate of 86.65%, 12.3%, and 0%, respectively.

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“…Interestingly, although Cff is described as a commonly associated infectious agent that causes abortions in sheep, there is limited information about its occurrence in South America. In the last 2 decades, only few studies have investigated Cff occurrence and relationship with ovine abortion cases, being held in Brazil [9], Argentina [7], and Uruguay [6]. Furthermore, Cff is consider an opportunistic human pathogen, which may lead to diarrhea, bacteremia, and pregnancy issues as well [25]; therefore, further investigation about the occurrence of this pathogen in cattle and ovine herd is required.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In sheep, there are few reports about abortion associated to C. fetus or the occurrence of Cff infection [6,9,12,22]. In Brazil, only one study has been published lately about the occurrence of Cff in ovine gastrointestinal tract [14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Campylobacter fetus in Abomasal Fluid from Spontaneously Aborted Bovine and Ovine Fetuses

Breyer

Dias²,

Henker³

et al. 2021

Acta Scientiae. Vet.

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Background: Pregnancy losses are a major concern in livestock industry due to their economic impact on producers. Campylobacter fetus subspecies fetus (Cff) and C. fetus subspecies venerealis (Cfv) are directly related to reproductive failures in ruminants. Cff colonizes the gastrointestinal tract of a wide range of hosts leading to abortion, while Cfv is restricted to genital tract being generally associated to infertility in bovine. Considering the great economic losses related to campylobacteriosis in cattle and ovine herds, this study aims to investigate the occurrence of C. fetus, considering Cff and Cfv subspecies, in bovine and ovine spontaneously aborted fetuses in state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.Materials, Methods & Results: In this study, samples of abomasal fluid collected from 30 spontaneously aborted bovine (n = 18) and ovine (n = 12) fetuses were investigated for the detection of Campylobacter fetus throughout conventional PCR. Positive fetuses for C. fetus presence were further analyzed by molecular assays for Cff and Cfv detection, in order to determine subspecies identification. When available, samples of the main organs of the thoracic and abdominal cavities, as well as the brain, skeletal muscle, eyelid, skin, and placenta were collected for further histopathological analyses and bacterial culture, aiming to assess the presence of infection lesions and pathogens in those sites, respectively. Additionally, RT-qPCR assays were also performed for the detection of ruminant pestivirus, in order to detect bovine viral diarrhea cases. Throughout the present methodology, C. fetus was detected in the abomasal fluid samples of 2 bovine fetuses, being both identified as Cfv subspecies by PCR. Histopathological analyses demonstrated that macroscopic and microscopic changes found in the Cfv-positive animals were not either specific or directly related to Campylobacter infections. Moreover, no significant bacterial growth was observed in microbiological culture from the collected tissues, and both fetuses were negative for ruminant pestivirus. Differently, there was no detection of C. fetus in any of the analyzed ovine fetuses.Discussion: Considering that abortion diagnosis rates reported in cattle and sheep industry are highly variable among the published studies, and that abortion diagnoses are commonly inconclusive due to difficulties in sampling methodology and inadequate identification of the pathogen involved, it is important to investigate the etiological causes of abortion the herds for better understanding the causes of pregnancy issues and monitoring their occurrence. In addition, the absence of pathognomonic lesions in the tissues investigated in the histopathological analyses observed in this study strongly suggests that well-known etiological agents commonly associated to abortion, such as Leptospira spp., Toxoplasma spp., Chlamydia spp. and Neospora caninum, are unlikely to be the cause of infection of the analyzed fetuses. Taking this into account, the presence of C. fetus in the abomasal fluid samples from two bovine fetuses demonstrated in the present study suggests the possible association of Cfv not only with infertility, but also with cases of bovine abortion, highlighting the importance of investigating unusual causal agents of abortions in sheep and cattle. Overall, an adequate diagnosis is essential for establishing better prevention strategies to avoid the circulation of abortion-related infectious agents in the herds.Keywords: campylobacteriosis, molecular diagnosis, venereal disease, abortion, reproductive disease.

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Placentitis and abortion caused by a multidrug resistant strain of Campylobacter fetus subspecies fetus in a sheep in Uruguay

Cited by 9 publications

References 16 publications

Diagnostic Investigation of 100 Cases of Abortion in Sheep in Uruguay: 2015–2021

Diagnostic Investigation of 100 Cases of Abortion in Sheep in Uruguay: 2015–2021

Relationship between infection with Campylobacteriosis and genital disorder in ewes

Campylobacter fetus in Abomasal Fluid from Spontaneously Aborted Bovine and Ovine Fetuses

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