Placental transfer of Haemophilus influenzae type b antibodies in malnourished pregnant women

Cavalcante, Rejane Silva; Kopelman, Benjamin Israel; Costa‐Carvalho, Beatriz Tavares

doi:10.1590/s1413-86702008000100011

Cited by 14 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Nonetheless, the reduced maternal antibody transfer in malnutrition is in agreement with studies by others [33,34]. For instance, a low-level placental transfer of maternal antibodies targeting Haemophilus influenza type b in malnourished pregnant women was previously observed [41], suggesting that malnutrition-associated adverse effects on maternal vaccinations may be a universal phenomenon against various maternal vaccines. Moreover, using an in vitro infection model, we demonstrated that maternal antibodies transferred to malnourished offspring were also functional (Fig.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

The role of diets in maternal vaccinations against typhoid toxin

Neupane

Ahn

Yang

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Children are particularly susceptible to typhoid fever caused by the bacterial pathogen Salmonella Typhi. Typhoid fever is prevalent in developing countries where diets can be less well-balanced. Here, using a murine model, we investigated the role of the macronutrient composition of the diet in maternal vaccination efficacies of two subunit vaccines targeting typhoid toxin: ToxoidVac and PltBVac. We found that maternal vaccinations protected all offspring against a lethal-dose typhoid toxin challenge in a balanced, normal diet (ND) condition, but the declined protection in a malnourished diet (MD) condition was observed in the PltBVac group. Despite the comparable antibody titers in both MD and ND mothers, MD offspring had a significantly lower level of typhoid toxin neutralizing antibodies than their ND counterparts. We observed a lower expression of the neonatal Fc receptor on the yolk sac of MD mothers than in ND mothers, agreeing with the observed lower antibody titers in MD offspring. Protein supplementation to MD diets, but not fat supplementation, increased FcRn expression and protected all MD offspring from the toxin challenge. Similarly, providing additional typhoid toxin-neutralizing antibodies to MD offspring was sufficient to protect all MD offspring from the toxin challenge. These results emphasize the significance of balanced/normal diets for a more effective maternal vaccination transfer to their offspring.Author summaryTyphoid fever is a life-threatening systemic infectious disease caused by Salmonella Typhi, which is prevalent in developing countries where diets can be less well-balanced. Here, we used mice to study the role of nutrition in maternal vaccination efficacies of two subunit vaccines targeting Salmonella’s typhoid toxin. We found maternal vaccinations protected all offspring from a lethal-dose typhoid toxin challenge in a balanced/normal diet (ND) condition, but the lack of protection in a malnourished diet (MD) condition was observed in the PltBVac group. Our data indicate that the difference in maternal vaccination outcomes between ND and MD offspring was due to the less effective maternal antibody transfer from MD mothers to their offspring. Providing additional proteins to MD mothers or additional toxin-neutralizing antibodies to MD offspring saved all malnourished offspring from a lethal-dose typhoid toxin challenge, highlighting the importance of balanced/normal diets for effective maternal vaccination outcomes.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

The role of diets in maternal vaccinations against typhoid toxin

Neupane

Ahn

Yang

et al. 2022

Preprint

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“…In general terms, nutrition influences immune responses but has not been shown to influence the level of antibody in the mother. However, it has been shown that undernourished children have lower maternal antibody titers, although the underlying reason is currently unknown (171). Other factors like maternal age, maternal weight, parity, and type of delivery do not influence transplacental antibody transfer (172).…”

Section: Induction Of Maternal Antibodies Through Maternal Immunizatimentioning

confidence: 99%

Maternal Antibodies: Clinical Significance, Mechanism of Interference with Immune Responses, and Possible Vaccination Strategies

2014

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Neonates have an immature immune system, which cannot adequately protect against infectious diseases. Early in life, immune protection is accomplished by maternal antibodies transferred from mother to offspring. However, decaying maternal antibodies inhibit vaccination as is exemplified by the inhibition of seroconversion after measles vaccination. This phenomenon has been described in both human and veterinary medicine and is independent of the type of vaccine being used. This review will discuss the use of animal models for vaccine research. I will review clinical solutions for inhibition of vaccination by maternal antibodies, and the testing and development of potentially effective vaccines. These are based on new mechanistic insight about the inhibitory mechanism of maternal antibodies. Maternal antibodies inhibit the generation of antibodies whereas the T cell response is usually unaffected. B cell inhibition is mediated through a cross-link between B cell receptor (BCR) with the Fcγ-receptor IIB by a vaccine–antibody complex. In animal experiments, this inhibition can be partially overcome by injection of a vaccine-specific monoclonal IgM antibody. IgM stimulates the B cell directly through cross-linking the BCR via complement protein C3d and antigen to the complement receptor 2 (CR2) signaling complex. In addition, it was shown that interferon alpha binds to the CD21 chain of CR2 as well as the interferon receptor and that this dual receptor usage drives B cell responses in the presence of maternal antibodies. In lieu of immunizing the infant, the concept of maternal immunization as a strategy to protect neonates has been proposed. This approach would still not solve the question of how to immunize in the presence of maternal antibodies but would defer the time of infection to an age where infection might not have such a detrimental outcome as in neonates. I will review successful examples and potential challenges of implementing this concept.

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“…Maternal malnutrition can have adverse implications for the neonate, and it has been demonstrated that neonatal immune responses may be modulated by the nutrition of a mother during gestation ( 108 ). One study reported a 14% reduction in antibody transfer among malnourished pregnant women compared to controls ( 109 ); however, the reasons for this are unclear and possibly relate to differences in placental size, morphology, and vascular development ( 110 , 111 ). Other studies of micronutrients include a recent review of antenatal zinc supplementation that did not find significant evidence for the positive effect of zinc on antibody transport ( 112 ).…”

Section: Factors Associated With Changes In Transplacental Antibody Tmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors Affecting the FcRn-Mediated Transplacental Transfer of Antibodies and Implications for Vaccination in Pregnancy

2017

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At birth, neonates are particularly vulnerable to infection and transplacental transfer of immunoglobulin G (IgG) from mother to fetus provides crucial protection in the first weeks of life. Transcytosis of IgG occurs via binding with the neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn) in the placental synctiotrophoblast. As maternal vaccination becomes an increasingly important strategy for the protection of young infants, improving our understanding of transplacental transfer and the factors that may affect this will become increasingly important, especially in low-income countries where the burden of morbidity and mortality is highest. This review highlights factors of relevance to maternal vaccination that may modulate placental transfer—IgG subclass, glycosylation of antibody, total maternal IgG concentration, maternal disease, infant gestational age, and birthweight—and outlines the conflicting evidence and questions that remain regarding the complexities of these relationships. Furthermore, the intricacies of the Ab–FcRn interaction remain poorly understood and models that may help address future research questions are described.

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Placental transfer of Haemophilus influenzae type b antibodies in malnourished pregnant women

Cited by 14 publications

References 30 publications

The role of diets in maternal vaccinations against typhoid toxin

The role of diets in maternal vaccinations against typhoid toxin

Maternal Antibodies: Clinical Significance, Mechanism of Interference with Immune Responses, and Possible Vaccination Strategies

Factors Affecting the FcRn-Mediated Transplacental Transfer of Antibodies and Implications for Vaccination in Pregnancy

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