“…The placental volume showed significant decrease ( p = 0.04) among FGR mothers with this trend evident by large magnitude effect among the mothers with male newborns. Likewise, the placental efficiency calculated as the ratio of birth weight to the placental weight [ 43 ] was significantly lower ( p < 0.01) among FGR subjects and this was also evident among both sexes of the newborn. Fig.…”
“…The placental volume showed significant decrease ( p = 0.04) among FGR mothers with this trend evident by large magnitude effect among the mothers with male newborns. Likewise, the placental efficiency calculated as the ratio of birth weight to the placental weight [ 43 ] was significantly lower ( p < 0.01) among FGR subjects and this was also evident among both sexes of the newborn. Fig.…”
“…In a Brazilian birth cohort, researchers reported a higher PBW ratio in mothers with preeclampsia compared with normotensive mothers but no difference from those with gestational hypertension. They, however, did not stratify the severity of gestational hypertension into mild and severe groups, which may cover up their different impacts on placental pathology [ 21 ]. Syncytium-nuclear clumping, i.e., syncytial knotting, increases with increasing gestational age and is a typical feature of terminal villi in the placenta [ 22 ].…”
We aimed to examine the effects of various severities of hypertensive disorders in pregnancy on birthweight, blood pressure (BP), and body mass index in offspring at age 7. In the China Labor and Delivery Survey and the United States Collaborative Perinatal Project (CPP), the relationship of the severity of hypertensive disorders and nutritional and cardiovascular outcomes in offspring was assessed using a multivariable logistic and general linear regression model. In both datasets, those with gestational hypertension were more likely to deliver large for gestational age (LGA) and macrosomia (adjusted odds ratios (aOR) ranged from 1.29 to 1.91), as well as low birth weight (LBW) neonates (aOR ranged from 1.23 to 3.56), compared with normotensive mothers. In the CPP, when gestational hypertension was further stratified into mild and severe, only those with mild gestational hypertension (the mild group) were more likely to deliver macrosomia and LGA (aOR ranged from 1.25 to 1.32). Others (severe gestational hypertension and preeclampsia/eclampsia) were closely related to LBW and small for gestational age (aOR ranged from 1.27 to 2.77). Moreover, children of mothers in the mild group tended to be overweight/obese and had elevated diastolic BP. We concluded that the severity of hypertensive disorders had different effects on birthweight, childhood overweight, and BP.
“…Se han descrito como posibles causas de la preeclampsia, el polimorfismo de la metiltetrahidrofolato reductasa 9 , la baja ingesta de calcio 10 , disminución de la anexina 5 placentaria 11 , efectos de la inmunidad humoral a alguna infección endometrial 12 , infección subclínica 13 , y el déficit nutricional 14 . Fisiopatológicamente se presenta aumento del tamaño de la masa placentaria 15 , hipoxia vascular y endotelial, con el desequilibrio de factores angiogénicos versus anti angiogénicos durante la invasión del trofoblasto al endometrio 8 (Ver Figura 1). Estudios sobre la composición corporal en el embarazo, que incluyen masa muscular, grasa corporal, agua corporal, en sus compartimientos tanto intracelular como extracelular, proveen información sobre los cambios fisiológicos y comportamiento de estos tejidos durante el embarazo, lo que permitió comprender la fisiología y además las alteraciones de estos mismos tejidos durante el embarazo 16 .…”
La preeclampsia es una importante causa de mortalidad materna mundial, identificar de manera temprana las gestantes con riesgo de desarrollarla, es una medida preventiva de gran impacto. La medición del agua corporal se ha documentado desde 1994, y desde 2015 se demostró su relación con el riesgo de desarrollar preeclampsia. Por lo anterior se realizó una revisión de la relación del agua corporal y la preeclampsia hasta junio de 2019, con 17 artículos seleccionados. Producto de la revisión se concluyó que la medición del agua corporal en gestantes podría detectar la aparición de preeclampsia para establecer un seguimiento estricto temprano a las mujeres con mayor riesgo de presentarla. Estas mediciones se realizan con métodos sencillos, no invasivos y de bajo costo, como la impedancia eléctrica por análisis espectral. Sin embargo, se requieren estudios con mayor rigor metodológico para el estudio de una prueba diagnóstica como la que se propone.
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