Placental Malaria is associated with reduced early life weight development of affected children independent of low birth weight

Walther, Brigitte; Miles, David J. C.; Crozier, Sarah; Waight, Pauline; Palmero, Melba S.; Ojuola, Olubukola; Touray, Ebrima; Sande, Marianne A. B. van der; Whittle, Hilton; Rowland‐Jones, Sarah; Flanagan, Katie L.

doi:10.1186/1475-2875-9-16

Cited by 31 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 59 publications

(66 reference statements)

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“…Malaria in pregnancy may lead to child mortality by increasing risk of low birthweight, premature labour, intra-uterine growth retardation, placenta infection and stillbirth probably via placental malaria. 28 Also, because the prevalence of HIV is very low in this population, 29 the possible link between placental malaria and increased risk of mother to child HIV transmission, 30 leading to reduced early life development of affected children 31 and seen as indirect cause of infant and child mortality, 32 is not likely to be the case in this study. Earlier studies have shown that infrequent use of soap may be associated with child mortality, either directly 18 or indirectly via helminth infection in mothers and their infants.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 82%

Perinatal common mental disorders and child survival in Ethiopia

Adewuya

Hanlon

Medhin

et al. 2013

J Paediatrics Child Health

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Aims:The study aims to evaluate the impact of perinatal common mental disorders (CMDs) on child mortality up to 3.5 years in a demographic surveillance site at Butajira, Ethiopia. Methods: One thousand sixty-five eligible women were assessed for CMD in the third trimester of pregnancy and at 2 months post-delivery using the Self-Reporting Questionnaire. We derived a four-level categorical exposure variable for the course of perinatal CMD. The outcome measure was child death recorded from 1 month after the postnatal assessment up to 3.5 years. Potential confounders and mediators were evaluated. Results:The cumulative child mortality rates were 62.6/1000 at 1 year and 82.5/1000 at 3.5 years, respectively. Exposure to perinatal CMD did not significantly affect child survival at 3.5 years, with results showing fully adjusted hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) of 1.85 (0.43, 7.88) for CMD in pregnancy only, 1.47 (0.14, 15.66) for CMD in postnatal period only and 0.41 (0.02, 7.38) for persistent CMD (both in pregnancy and postnatal). Only using soap less frequently than daily (HR 5.67,) and episode of malaria in pregnancy (HR 5.02, 95% CI 2.15-11.72) were associated with child mortality in multivariable analysis. Conclusions: Maternal health, health behaviours and family structure appear to be the most important factors affecting post-neonatal child mortality in this Ethiopian birth cohort, with little evidence for an effect of maternal perinatal CMD.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 82%

Perinatal common mental disorders and child survival in Ethiopia

Adewuya

Hanlon

Medhin

et al. 2013

J Paediatrics Child Health

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“…44 Acute placental malaria infection has been associated with increased one-year mortality in infants 45 and decreased length and weight gain in the first year of life. 46,47 MIP is also associated with anemia during infancy and the infant's risk for anemia with maternal peripheral parasitemia at delivery is 11.8% and 9.2% with placental malaria infection. 48…”

Section: Effects In Early Childhoodmentioning

confidence: 99%

An overview of malaria in pregnancy

Bauserman

Conroy

North

et al. 2019

Seminars in Perinatology

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One hundred twenty-five million pregnant women are at risk for contracting malaria, a preventable cause of maternal and infant morbidity and death. Malaria parasites contribute to adverse pregnancy and birth outcomes due to their preferential accumulation in placental intervillous spaces. Pregnant women are particularly vulnerable to malaria infections, and malaria infections during pregnancy put their fetuses at risk. Malaria in pregnancy is associated with anemia, stillbirth, low birth weight and maternal and fetal death. We review the challenges to diagnosing malaria in pregnancy, as well as strategies to prevent and treat malaria in pregnancy. Finally, we discuss the current gaps in knowledge and potential areas for continued research.

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“…A specific example of an ecological niche in which the early fat/late lean pattern of body composition development described here might be beneficial is endemic Falciparum malaria, which occurs in Africa. There, a thrifty body replete with resources to survive malarial-associated challenges, including both an early birth and a postnatal environment of low subsequent weight gain (Walther et al, 2010), would be favored for survival. Moreover, fetal fitness in the face of placental malaria has been documented to be associated with fetal genetic variants of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 1 (Muehlenbachs et al, 2008), an angiogenesis inhibitor factor, also known to slow fetal growth rate associated with altered uterine blood flow (Chaiworapongsa et al, 2008).…”

Section: Population History and The Early Fat Late Lean Phenotypementioning

confidence: 99%

Ethnic differences in the accumulation of fat and lean mass in late gestation

Lampl

Lee

Koo

et al. 2012

American J Hum Biol

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Objectives Lower birth weight within the normal range predicts adult chronic diseases, but the same birth weight in different ethnic groups may reflect different patterns of tissue development. Neonatal body composition was investigated among non-Hispanic Caucasians and African Americans, taking advantage of variability in gestational duration to understand growth during late gestation. Methods Air displacement plethysmography assessed fat and lean body mass among 220 non-Hispanic Caucasian and 93 non-Hispanic African American neonates. The two ethnic groups were compared using linear regression. Results At 36 weeks gestation, the average lean mass of Caucasian neonates was 2,515 g vs. that of 2,319 g of African American neonates (difference, P = 0.02). The corresponding figures for fat mass were 231 and 278 g, respectively (difference, P = 0.24). At 41 weeks, the Caucasians were 319 g heavier in lean body mass (P < 0.001) but were also 123 g heavier in fat mass (P = 0.001). The slopes for lean mass vs. gestational week were similar, but the slope of fat mass was 5.8 times greater (P = 0.009) for Caucasian (41.0 g/week) than for African American neonates (7.0 g/week). Conclusions By 36 weeks of gestation, the African American fetus developed similar fat mass and less lean mass compared with the Caucasian fetus. Thereafter, changes in lean mass among the African American fetus with increasing gestational age at birth were similar to the Caucasian fetus, but fat accumulated more slowly. We hypothesize that different ethnic fetal growth strategies involving body composition may contribute to ethnic health disparities in later life.

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Placental Malaria is associated with reduced early life weight development of affected children independent of low birth weight

Cited by 31 publications

References 59 publications

Perinatal common mental disorders and child survival in Ethiopia

Perinatal common mental disorders and child survival in Ethiopia

An overview of malaria in pregnancy

Ethnic differences in the accumulation of fat and lean mass in late gestation

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