Placental Injury and Antibody Transfer after Coronavirus Disease 2019 in Pregnancy

Timi, Patience T.; Kellerhals, Sarah; Joseph, Naima T.; Dude, Carolynn M.; Verkerke, Hans; Irby, Les'Shon S; Smith, Alicia K.; Stowell, Sean R.; Jamieson, Denise J.; Badell, Martina

doi:10.1093/infdis/jiac270

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 13 publications

(18 reference statements)

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“…Although we cannot exclude that some cases of stillbirths/ miscarriages were related to a congenital SARS CoV-2 infection, the numbers in our cohort were low (n = 6), suggesting that this would not significantly influence our conclusions. Finally, our reported rate of congenital SARS-CoV-2 infection may not reflect all cases of placental transmission, as a progressive clearance of the virus by placenta may occur during pregnancy which would impair its detection at birth 48 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 81%

Analysis of the transplacental transmission of SARS CoV-2 virus and antibody transfer according to the gestational age at maternal infection

Lucot-Royer,

Nallet,

Vouga

et al. 2024

Sci Rep

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To quantify transplacental transmission of SARS-CoV-2 virus and antibody transfer in pregnant women and their newborns according to the gestational age at maternal infection. A prospective observational multicenter study including pregnant women with a positive RT-PCR or a positive serology for SARS-CoV-2 and compatible symptoms, from April to December 2020, in 11 French maternities. The study was designed to obtain a systematic collection of mother-infant dyad’s samples at birth. SARS-CoV-2 viral load was measured by RT-PCR. IgG and IgM antibodies against the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Antibody concentrations and transplacental transfer ratios were analyzed according to the gestational age at maternal infection. The primary outcome was the rate of SARS CoV-2 materno-fetal transmission at birth. The secondary outcome was the quantification of materno-fetal antibody transfer. Maternal and neonatal outcomes at birth were additionally assessed. Among 165 dyads enrolled, one congenital infection was confirmed {n = 1 (0.63%) IC95% [0.02%; 3.48%]}. The average placental IgG antibody transfer ratio was 1.27 (IC 95% [0.69–2.89]). The transfer ratio increased with increasing time between the onset of maternal infection and delivery (P Value = 0.0001). Maternal and neonatal outcomes were reassuring. We confirmed the very low rate of SARS-CoV-2 transplacental transmission (< 1%). Maternal antibody transfer to the fetus was more efficient when the infection occurred during the first and second trimester of pregnancy.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 81%

Analysis of the transplacental transmission of SARS CoV-2 virus and antibody transfer according to the gestational age at maternal infection

Lucot-Royer,

Nallet,

Vouga

et al. 2024

Sci Rep

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“…IgG positive newborns from IgG negative mothers were, however, also present in the subgroups with recently diagnosed SARS‐CoV‐2 infection. IgG negative neonates from IgG positive mothers might be related to failure of the passage of antibodies with the mechanism proposed by Atyeo et al 22 and Timi et al, 23 who postulated that SARS‐CoV‐2‐specific antibody placental transfer is significantly reduced and cord titers and functional activity were lower than in maternal plasma in third‐trimester infection due to placental damage.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

SARS‐CoV‐2 IgG “heritage” in newborn: A credit of maternal natural infection

Marchi¹,

Vidiri

Fera

et al. 2022

Journal of Medical Virology

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Description of transplacental passage of specific SARS‐CoV‐2 IgG from mothers who contracted natural infection to their newborns. Retrospective cohort analysis including pregnant women diagnosed with SARS‐CoV‐2 and their newborns both tested for SARS‐CoV‐2 specific IgG and IgM with antibody titration at delivery. Nasopharyngeal swab were taken from both mothers and neonates, and tested for SARS‐CoV‐2 using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). IgM and IgG were analyzed in maternal and neonatal serum of 143 mother−infant dyads. 86% of women with a positive SARS‐CoV‐2 PCR >14 days before delivery developed specific IgG and 84% of their infants showed transplacental passage of IgG. Pregnant women infected with SARS‐CoV‐2 achieve antibody seroconversion following the kinetics described in the general population, and transplacental transfer of IgG specific antibodies occurs. No conclusion can be drawn on passive immunity efficacy or duration.

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“…Lower antibody transfer ratios were seen in mothers with third trimester infection and linked with altered IgG glycosylation [ 28 ] and placental pathology [ 5 , 29 ]. Some of the reported placental pathologies include placentitis, malperfusion, thrombosis, and fibrin deposition and are associated with adverse outcomes [ 29 , 30 ]. We did not assess the placental pathology or the IgG subclasses in our study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transplacental Transfer of SARS-CoV-2 Receptor-Binding Domain IgG Antibodies from Mothers to Neonates in a Cohort of Pakistani Unvaccinated Mothers

Harakeh,

Khan,

Rani

et al. 2023

Biomedicines

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The presence of COVID-19 antibodies in the maternal circulation is assumed to be protective for newborns against SARS-CoV-2 infection. We investigated whether maternal COVID-19 antibodies crossed the transplacental barrier and whether there was any difference in the hematological parameters of neonates born to mothers who recovered from COVID-19 during pregnancy. The cross-sectional study was conducted at the Saidu Group of Teaching Hospitals, located in Swat, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. After obtaining written informed consent, 115 healthy, unvaccinated mother-neonate dyads were included. A clinical history of COVID-19-like illness, laboratory-confirmed diagnosis, and contact history were obtained. Serum samples from mothers and neonates were tested for SARS-CoV-2 anti-receptor-binding domain (anti-RBD) IgG antibodies. Hematological parameters were assessed with complete blood counts (CBC) and peripheral blood smear examinations. The study population consisted of 115 mothers, with a mean age of 29.44 ± 5.75 years, and most women (68/115 (59.1%)) were between 26 and 35 years of age. Of these mothers, 88/115 (76.5 percent) tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 anti-RBD IgG antibodies, as did 83/115 (72.2 percent) neonatal cord blood samples. The mean levels of SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies in maternal and neonatal blood were 19.86 ± 13.82 (IU/mL) and 16.16 ± 12.90 (IU/mL), respectively, indicating that maternal antibodies efficiently crossed the transplacental barrier with an antibody transfer ratio of 0.83. The study found no significant difference in complete blood count (CBC) parameters between seropositive and seronegative mothers, nor between neonates born to seropositive and seronegative mothers.

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Placental Injury and Antibody Transfer after Coronavirus Disease 2019 in Pregnancy

Cited by 4 publications

References 13 publications

Analysis of the transplacental transmission of SARS CoV-2 virus and antibody transfer according to the gestational age at maternal infection

Analysis of the transplacental transmission of SARS CoV-2 virus and antibody transfer according to the gestational age at maternal infection

SARS‐CoV‐2 IgG “heritage” in newborn: A credit of maternal natural infection

Transplacental Transfer of SARS-CoV-2 Receptor-Binding Domain IgG Antibodies from Mothers to Neonates in a Cohort of Pakistani Unvaccinated Mothers

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