Placental Cellular Immune Response in Women Infected with Human Parvovirus B19 during Pregnancy

Jordan, Jeanne A.; Huff, Dale S.; DeLoia, Julie A.

doi:10.1128/cdli.8.2.288-292.2001

Cited by 46 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 37 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…43 The cell-mediated immune response at the maternal-fetal interface also contributes to a variable response to parvovirus B19 in pregnancy. 44 Different antibodies may be present for only a short period of several weeks after parvovirus B19 infection. 45 The presence of B19-specific antibodies directed against conformational VP2 epitopes may play an important role in the molecular mimicry for the generation of AT1-AAs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of Agonistic Autoantibodies Against the Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor and Soluble fms-Like Tyrosine Kinase 1 in a Gestational Age–Matched Case Study

et al. 2009

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract-We showed earlier that activating autoantibodies against the angiotensin II type 1 (AT 1 ) receptor (AT1-AA) circulate in preeclamptic women. They may be involved in the pathogenesis of preeclampsia. Protein alignment suggests that the binding site for AT1-AAs is highly homologous to the capsid protein VP2 of parvovirus B19. We performed a prospective, nested, case-control study of 30 gestational age-matched women with preeclampsia and 30 normotensive pregnant women. We measured AT1-AA, soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase 1 (sFlt-1), and serum immunoglobulin G against parvovirus B19 proteins. AT1-AAs were present in 70% of preeclamptic patients and absent in 80% of controls. Prediction by AT1-AA was improved in late-onset preeclampsia. The discrimination for sFlt-1 was 96%. We did not find an interaction between sFlt-1 and AT1-AA. A human monoclonal immunoglobulin G antibody against parvovirus B19 VP2-protein showed a positive reaction in the AT1-AA bioassay, which could be blocked by an AT 1 receptor blocker, as well as by the epitope amino acid sequence. Immunoglobulin G against parvovirus B19 proteins was similarly distributed between preeclamptic patients and controls and had no significant importance. We detected significantly more AT1-AA in women with an immune response corresponding with parvovirus B19 infection corresponding with a distant viral infection associated with virus elimination. We concluded that AT1-AAs were common in patients with preeclampsia in a prospective case-control study, although sFlt-1 was a superior biomarker. AT1-AA may represent a better marker for late disease, whereas sFlt1 is a better marker for early onset disease. Key Words: preeclampsia Ⅲ activating autoantibodies Ⅲ angiogenesis Ⅲ parvovirus B19 Ⅲ molecular mimicry P reeclampsia is defined as new-onset hypertension after 20 weeks' gestation accompanied by new-onset proteinuria; the condition causes acute morbidity and mortality. 1,2 The incidence is 2% to 5% worldwide and is associated with subsequent cardiovascular diseases in both mother and child. 3 The pathogenesis is unknown but is likely to be multifactorial. 4 We described circulating autoantibodies directed at the second extracellular loop of the angiotensin (Ang) II type 1 (AT 1 ) receptor (AT1-AA) in women with preeclampsia. 5 AT1-AAs induce reactive oxygen species, inhibit trophoblast migration, and occur in rat models. 6 -8 AT1-AAs induced preeclampsia-like symptoms in C57BL/6J mice by passive transfer. 9 However, AT1-AAs are not specific for preeclampsia and also occur in patients with humoral kidney transplant rejection. 10 An epitope on the second extracellular loop of the human AT 1 receptor (AFHYESQ) represents the binding site for AT1-AAs; the same sequence inhibits the AT1-AAmediated effects completely in vivo and in vitro. The epitope is highly homologous to the capsid protein VP2 from parvovirus B19 (AFHYETQ).Parvovirus B19 is a single-stranded DNA virus and can cause erythema infectiosum, a generally (but not always) mild childhood exanthem. 11,...

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of Agonistic Autoantibodies Against the Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor and Soluble fms-Like Tyrosine Kinase 1 in a Gestational Age–Matched Case Study

et al. 2009

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…As well as increased IL6 production, high levels of IFN-ª, TNF-AE and IL8 have been detected in the sera of infants with B19-associated acute myocarditis (Nigro et al, 2000). IL2 production at the maternal-fetal interface in women who seroconverted to B19 during pregnancy is thought to determine the outcome of the pregnancy, with high levels of IL2 on the fetal side being associated with pregnancies that result in a poor outcome (Jordan et al, 2001). Ballou et al (2003) have shown recently that a recombinant vaccine (MEDI-491; Medimmune) that is comprised of B19 VP1 and VP2 capsid proteins could elicit neutralizing antibody titres in volunteer adults (n ¼ 24).…”

Section: Cell-mediated Immunitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Advances in the biology, diagnosis and host–pathogen interactions of parvovirus B19

Corcoran

Doyle

2004

Journal of Medical Microbiology

147

103

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Increased recognition of parvovirus B19 (B19), an erythrovirus, as a significant human pathogen that causes fetal loss and severe disease in immunocompromised patients has resulted in intensive efforts to understand the pathogenesis of B19-related disease, to improve diagnostic strategy that is deployed to detect B19 infection and blood-product contamination and, finally, to elucidate the nature of the cellular immune response that is elicited by the virus in diverse patient cohorts. It is becoming clear that at least three related erythrovirus strains (B19, A6/K71 and V9) are circulating in the general population and that viral entry into target cells is mediated by an expanding range of cellular receptors, including P antigen and â-integrins. Persistent infection by B19 is emerging as a contributory factor in autoimmune disease, a hypothesis that is constrained by the detection of B19 in the skin of apparently healthy individuals. B19 infection during pregnancy may account for thousands of incidences of fetal loss per annum in Europe, North America and beyond, yet there is currently only minimal screening of pregnant women to assess serological status, and thereby risk of infection, upon becoming pregnant. Whilst major advances in diagnosis of B19 infection have taken place, including standardization of serological and DNA-based detection methodologies, blood donations that are targeted at high-risk groups are only beginning to be screened for B19 IgG and DNA as a means of minimizing exposure of at-risk patients to the virus. It is now firmly established that a Th1-mediated cellular immune response is mounted in immunocompetent individuals, a finding that should contribute to the development of an effective vaccine to prevent B19 infection in selected high-risk groups, including sickle-cell anaemics. Parvovirus B19In 1975, Yvonne Cossart discovered what was to become known as human parvovirus B19 (B19) (Cossart et al., 1975). B19 was first associated with disease in 1981, when it was linked to an aplastic crisis in a patient with sickle-cell disease. It has since been shown to cause erythema infectiosum (EI) (fifth disease of childhood), spontaneous abortion and some forms of acute arthritis (Anderson et al., 1983; Kinney et al., 1988;Woolf & Cohen, 1995).B19 is a small, non-enveloped, ssDNA virus and, like all parvoviruses, the capsid proteins are arranged with icosahedral symmetry. B19 is 20-25 nm in diameter and has a genome of 5 . 6 kb (Clewley, 1984;Cotmore & Tattersall, 1984). The B19 capsid consists of an 83 kDa minor structural protein, VP1, and a 5 kDa major structural protein, VP2. VP2 makes up about 95 % of the total capsid, with VP1 accounting for the remaining 5 % . The sequences of the two proteins are collinear, with VP2 being identical to the carboxyl-terminus of VP1; however, VP1 comprises an additional 227 aa domain that is unique to the amino-terminal (Fig. 1). To the left of these sequences on the B19 genome is the ORF for a non-structural protein, NS1, which encodes a protein product of 7...

show abstract

“…Furthermore, a reduction of placental globoside (the B19V receptor)-specific immunoreactivity expression is seen with increasing gestational age [10] . Levels of globoside become undetectable during the midstage of the third trimester [2,10,27] .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Parvovirus B19 Infection in Pregnancy Studied by Maternal Viral Load and Immune Responses

Haan

Beersma²,

Claas³

et al. 2006

Fetal Diagn Ther

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Objectives: Facilitate risk assessment of vital complications in fetuses of pregnancies affected by acute parvovirus B19 (B19V) infection. Design: Study of the natural course of maternal B19V infection in four cases, from early pregnancy on. Setting: University Medical Center in the Netherlands. Population: Pregnant mothers attending obstetric services. Methods: Serial measurements of the maternal and fetal or neonatal viral load and antibody responses. Main Outcome Measures: Maternal and fetal/neonatal serum B19V viral DNA load and specific IgM and IgG antibodies in maternal serum. Results: Peak viral load levels occurred within 1 week after maternal infection and peak IgM levels were observed 1 week after the peak viral load levels. Approximation of IgG and IgM ratios usually took place 4 weeks after infection. Vertical transmission occurred 1–3 weeks after maternal infection, suggesting that fetal infection occurs during the maternal peak viral load. Conclusions: Maternal B19V DNA load levels and IgM responses are useful to estimate the risk of parvovirus B19-associated fetal complications. The maternal peak viral load directly precedes the onset of fetal infection and may be used to indicate the stage of intrauterine B19V infection.

show abstract

Placental Cellular Immune Response in Women Infected with Human Parvovirus B19 during Pregnancy

Cited by 46 publications

References 37 publications

Prevalence of Agonistic Autoantibodies Against the Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor and Soluble fms-Like Tyrosine Kinase 1 in a Gestational Age–Matched Case Study

Prevalence of Agonistic Autoantibodies Against the Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor and Soluble fms-Like Tyrosine Kinase 1 in a Gestational Age–Matched Case Study

Advances in the biology, diagnosis and host–pathogen interactions of parvovirus B19

Parvovirus B19 Infection in Pregnancy Studied by Maternal Viral Load and Immune Responses

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About