Placenta previa: risk factors, feto-maternal outcome and complications

Abstract

Background: Placenta previa is defined as placenta that is implanted somewhere in the lower uterine segment either over or very near the internal cervical os. Placenta previa and coexistent accrete syndromes contribute substantively to maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality.Methods: All This is a retrospective study of 88 cases of placenta previa, which were admitted under department of obstetrics and gynecology in our institute during July 2017 to June 2019. All patients of placenta previa with gestational age > 28 weeks up to full term were included in the study. All cases were confirmed by ultrasound examination. Outcome measures prevalence of placenta previa, maternal and neonatal outcomes, and case fatality rate.Results: The total number of deliveries performed during the study period was 16330, of them, 88 cases were placenta previa. Thus, the prevalence of PP was 0.53%. Multiparity was one of the etiological factors in 84.09%, whereas previous LSCS was 47.73%, previous H/O D and E was 14.73%, previous H/O placenta previa was 7.95%. Obstetric hysterectomy was done in 7 (7.95%) patients out of 88 patients. 92.04% of patients delivered with cesarean section and 7.95% patients delivered with normal vaginal delivery. 22 (26.50%) babies out of 83 live born were admitted in NICU.Conclusions: Advancing maternal age, multiparity, prior cesarean section, and prior abortions are independent risk factors for placenta previa. Placenta previa remains a risk factor for adverse maternal and perinatal outcome. The detection of placenta previa should encourage a careful evaluation with timely delivery to reduce the associated maternal and perinatal complications. Measures to reduce the primary caesarean section rate should be adopted.

A comparative study of obstetrics outcome of placenta previa in scarred versus unscarred uterus at tertiary Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal

“…Accurate detection of placenta previa helps in proper management and prevention of mortality and morbidity. 15,16 The objective of the study is to compare the maternal and fetal outcome of placenta previa in scarred and unscarred uterus and to determine the frequency of placenta previa in scarred and unscarred uterus.…”

Maternal and perinatal outcome in placenta previa: a prospective observational study at a tertiary care hospital in Hanmakonda, Telangana, India

“…In study done by Yadava et al a total 92.04% of patients were delivered by caesarean section. 12 The high incidence of previous history of cesarean section obtained in the present study may be due to the reason that our hospital is a tertiary referral center. 9,11 Placenta previa patients who had history of previous cesarean section should be considered at high risk for developing placenta accrete.…”

Complications of placenta previa: A retrospective observational study at tertiary care hospital

“…In present study, all 22(45.8%) patients required transfusion of blood and blood components. Naik VR et al, 8 Yadava PA et al, 22 Maiti GD et al 14 have reported BLUAL in 26.3%, 52.3% and 13.3% respectively. Naik VR et al, 8 Yadava PA et al, 22 Maiti GD et al 14 have reported obstetric hysterectomy in 6.6%, 7.9%, 6.7% and blood transfusion in 36.8%, 36.4%, 36,7% respectively.…”

“…Naik VR et al, 8 Yadava PA et al, 22 Maiti GD et al 14 have reported BLUAL in 26.3%, 52.3% and 13.3% respectively. Naik VR et al, 8 Yadava PA et al, 22 Maiti GD et al 14 have reported obstetric hysterectomy in 6.6%, 7.9%, 6.7% and blood transfusion in 36.8%, 36.4%, 36,7% respectively. Hence, BLUAL, obstetric hysterectomy and blood transfusion along with medical management are important modality of management in PPH of placenta previa.…”