Placenta Previa: Maternal and Fetal Outcome a Two Year Study

Abstract

Introduction: Placenta previa is one of the major causes of antepartum hemorrhage and a life-threatening condition for both the mother and the fetus. The incidence of placenta previa is 0.3 to 1% in 300 to 400 deliveries. [1] The present study was done retrospectively to observe the maternal and fetal outcome in pregnancies with placenta previa. Method:The retrospective study was done from June 2019 to June 2021 to study the maternal and neonatal outcome in pregnancies with placenta previa who got admitted in Obstetrics and Gynecology department of Rajindra Hospital, Government Medical College Patiala. Detailed history, clinical examination and investigations were evaluated and analysis was done at the end of the study.Result: Total number of deliveries during this period were 8193 out of which placenta previa was present in 210 with an incidence of 2.5%.The major risk factor for placenta previa in the present study was previous LSCS in 34.3% followed by previous dilatation and curettage (D&C) in 16.6%. The majority of the women 57.2% had major degree placenta previa, out of which placenta accreta was present in 5.8%. The majority of the women 94.7% were delivered by LSCS and 4.2% had obstetric hysterectomy, 16% had PPH intraoperatively and 1.4% needed ICU care. 60% of the babies were born prematurely and 25.7% required NICU care. Conclusion:Placenta previa is a major contributor in increasing maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality. The present study showed that increasing maternal age, multiparity, previous cesarean section, previous dilatation and curettage are the risk factors for placenta previa. Placenta previa is associated with increased intraoperative interventions, surgical complications and maternal morbidity.