Placement of fertilizers for row crops

Cooke, G. W.

doi:10.1017/s0021859600004639

Cited by 16 publications

(17 citation statements)

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“…A specially constructed three-row placement drill (described by Cooke, 1949) was used in previous experiments on row crops. This machine was used The one-row machine is illustrated in Text- fig.…”

Section: Machinery For the Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…to the side of the seed. (Cooke (1949) showed that bands of fertilizer should be placed at least 2 in. to the side of the seed to avoid damage to germination.…”

Section: Scope Of the Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Short-season arable crops with limited root-range grown on widely spaced rows have given consistently higher yields from fertilizer placed in a band at the side of the seed than from the same quantity of broadcast fertilizer (Cooke, 1949;Cooke & Widdowson, 1953). In contrast, sugar beet (which has a deep root system and long growing season) gave similar yields from broadcast and placed fertilizer, although placement gave the crops a more rapid start (Cooke, 1951).…”

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“…In contrast, sugar beet (which has a deep root system and long growing season) gave similar yields from broadcast and placed fertilizer, although placement gave the crops a more rapid start (Cooke, 1951). Many horticultural crops have short growing seasons and restricted root systems, and are likely to benefit from placement methods.…”

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Fertilizer placement for horticultural crops

et al. 1956

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In field experiments on vegetable crops dressings of appropriate fertilizers were placed 2 in. to the side of the seed and 2–3 in. below the soil surface, and compared with the same amounts of fertilizer broadcast and worked into the surface soil. The work was carried out on ordinary arable land carrying rotations which included vegetables.Placing fertilizer gave higher yields of cabbage, lettuce, beetroot, onions, broad beans, runner beans and maize, than broadcasting. Fertilizer, however applied, had no regular effect on the yield of french beans.Both placed and broadcast fertilizer were tested at two rates of dressing. On average of all experiments on each crop, placing fertilizer at the low rate gave higher yields than broadcasting at the high rate. Broadcast fertilizer had little effect on yields of runner beans and broad beans, while placed dressings gave marked increases.In two-thirds of all individual experiments placing gave higher yields than broadcasting, and in one-third of the experiments placement was significantly better than broadcasting. There were no instances of significantly higher yields from broadcasting as compared with placing.Placing fertilizer made most of the crops grow more rapidly in the early stages than broadcasting, this improvement being often reflected in earlier maturity. For cabbage, lettuce and runner beans the relative gains from placing, as compared with broadcasting fertilizer, were much higher at the first than at the second harvest.By drilling fertilizer beside the seed of vegetable crops grown on ordinary soils, it is possible to economize in the dressings needed. In addition, some crops having placed fertilizer may be ready for market earlier. These advantages may be very profitable where high-value crops are grown and will justify the purchase of special placement drills.A small series of field experiments on established Brussels sprouts and autumn-planted cabbages compared mid-season top-dressings of nitrogen fertilizer broadcast by hand over the whole soil surface, with dressings placed at one point beneath the surface and near to the plants. The dressings used had practically no effect on yields of Brussels sprouts. Top-dressings broadcast in spring increased yields appreciably in two experiments on cabbage, and at both centres placing gave lower yields than broadcasting.

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Section: Machinery For the Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…to the side of the seed. (Cooke (1949) showed that bands of fertilizer should be placed at least 2 in. to the side of the seed to avoid damage to germination.…”

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confidence: 99%

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“…In the first trials the fertilizer was mixed with the seed. Actual fertilizer placement trials were conducted by Cooke (1949Cooke ( , 1951, in England as early as in the late 19405, and by Ludecke, Scheffer and Tiedemann (1956) in Germany in the early 19505. Although the results indicated that placement of fertilizer brought about some increase in yield, it has not generally been recommended; instead, it has been considered, e.g.…”

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confidence: 99%

The effect of method of fertilizer application on sugar beet yield, yield quality and fertilization requirement in Finland

Raininko

Erjala

1991

AFSci

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In 1982—1990, the Sugar Beet Research Centre conducted a total of 68 fertilizer placement trials. The present paper deals with 23 trials from five field experiment series. In the evaluation of the results, other experiments conducted at the Sugar Beet Research Centre have also been referred to. The field trials were conducted on experimental farms of the Sugar Beet Research Centre and of sugar factories. The soil type of the experimental fields varied from compact clay to finesand. The soil pH was high (6.7 —7.4) and the nutrient status good. The fertilizer used was an Na-containing compound fertilizer (N 13 %, P 6 %, K 9 %, Na 6 % in 1982—1987; N 15 %, P 6 %, K 8 %, Na 5 % as from 1988). The fertilizer was applied with a fertilizer drill. A disk bill was used in 1982—1983; thereafter a thin spring tine bill was used. Placement of fertilizer 3—6 cm to the side and 3 cm below the seed increased the root yield of sugar beet by 5—6 %, on an average, as compared to broadcasting. The yield increase ranged from 0 to 24 %. The yield increase from fertilizer placement correlated negatively with the sugar beet yield level. The nutritional status and humus content of soil, and soil type did not affect the yield increase from fertilizer placement. The seed bed preparation one-pass power harrow or conventional method had no significant effect on the yield increase from fertilizer placement. Increasing the level of fertilizer reduced the yield increase from fertilizer placement in some of the trials. This was not always the case, however. Placement usually gave a slightly higher sugar content than did broadcasting. Placement reduced the potassium content of the beet slightly and increased the extractability of sugar. As compared to broadcasting, placement increased the recoverable sugar yield relatively slightly more than the root yield. Placement of the fertilizer 3 cm to the side (3 or 6 cm below the seed) yielded a better result than placement 9 cm to the side of the seed. The depth of placement did not affect the yield. In most trials, placement of the fertilizer reduced the plant population only slightly as compared to broadcasting. The harmful effect in these trials was not significant even with the smallest distance from the seed, i.e. 3 cm. In practice, placement too close was shown to inhibit or to retard germination of the beet. It is therefore recommended that the fertilizer be placed 5—6 cm to the side and 3—4 cm below the seed.

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Reihendüngungsversuche mit Stickstoff zu Zuckerrüben und Getreide

Laske

1955

Z. Pflanzenernaehr. Dueng. Bodenk.

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Placement of fertilizers for row crops

Cited by 16 publications

References 2 publications

Fertilizer placement for horticultural crops

Fertilizer placement for horticultural crops

The effect of method of fertilizer application on sugar beet yield, yield quality and fertilization requirement in Finland

Reihendüngungsversuche mit Stickstoff zu Zuckerrüben und Getreide

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