Placement of Distribution-Level Phasor Measurements for Topological Observability and Monitoring of Active Distribution Networks

Optimal allocation of PMUs in active distribution network considering reliability of state estimation results

“…Generally, to achieve the desired accuracy of DSE results, OPP algorithms attend to find the minimum possible number of PMUs and also their optimum locations [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15]. As a result, the desired accuracy indices for the considered PMU configuration are achieved after receiving all real-time measured values (synchrophasors in this paper) at the monitoring system through the communication links (wired or wireless technologies) and interface systems (RTU and SCADA).…”

“…In the literature, different objectives for minimising installation costs along with decreasing the estimation errors of the DSE outputs have been proposed [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15]. However, these OPP approaches usually attend to find the minimum required number of PMUs (and other measurement devices) for satisfying the maximum acceptable estimation errors, and in cases for which PMU configurations have the same cost, select the configuration with minimum estimation errors.…”

“…Many valuable contributions have been made to optimise the number and location of PMUs to increase the accuracy of the DSE results while restricting implementing costs [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15]. In [5], a new technique for placing PMUs and smart meters (SMs) is presented using the genetic algorithm (GA).…”

“…For this purpose, the load loss and reconfiguration after outage are considered with the relaying functions of metering devices. Also, a new objective function and constraints are proposed in [14], to optimise the measurement cost and system observability using integer linear programming approach. To do this, the accuracy of DSE results in various operation scenarios of the system, such as network reconfiguration, change in load demand, and measurement error degradation is assessed.…”

Multi‐objective hybrid decomposition and local dominance based meter placement for distribution system state estimation

“…Muscas et al [8] proposed meter placement using dynamic programming based step‐by‐step approach for DSSE, minimisation of the weighted mean value of variances of quantities is considered as an objective. In literature, meter placement problem is attempted by formulating it as a scalar objective optimisation problem with constraints [9, 10] or multi‐objective optimisation problem [11–21]. In practical application, single or scalar objective optimisation may not be attractive to a decision‐maker.…”