Placebo interventions for all clinical conditions

Hróbjartsson, Asbjørn; Gøtzsche, Peter C

doi:10.1002/14651858.cd003974.pub3

Cited by 387 publications

(220 citation statements)

References 367 publications

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“…While effect sizes remained similar to those in the first analysis, effects of placebo interventions over no treatment are now statistically significant for both patient-and observer-reported continuous outcomes and for binary outcomes owing to the larger number of included trials. While the evidence that there are placebo effects is stronger now, the authors still conclude that they 'did not find that placebo interventions have important clinical effects in general', as the overall effect size is small and the influence of bias unclear [40].…”

Section: What Is a Placebo Intervention In Clinical Practice?mentioning

confidence: 98%

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Placebo interventions, placebo effects and clinical practice

Linde

Fässler

Meißner

2011

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

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This article reviews the role of placebo interventions and placebo effects in clinical practice. We first describe the relevance of different perspectives among scientists, physicians and patients on what is considered a placebo intervention in clinical practice. We then summarize how placebo effects have been investigated in randomized controlled trials under the questionable premise that such effects are produced by placebo interventions. We further discuss why a shift of focus from the placebo intervention to the overall therapeutic context is necessary and what research methods can be used for the clinical investigation of the relevance of context effects. In the last part of the manuscript, we discuss why placebo or context effects are seen as positive in clinical practice when they are associated with active treatments, while placebo interventions pose major ethical and professional problems and have to be avoided.

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Section: What Is a Placebo Intervention In Clinical Practice?mentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Hró bjartsson & Gøtzsche published updated and expanded versions of their review in 2004 [39] and 2010 [40]. The current analysis now includes 202 trials.…”

Section: What Is a Placebo Intervention In Clinical Practice?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Placebo interventions, placebo effects and clinical practice

Linde

Fässler

Meißner

2011

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

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“…A systematic review of clinical trials was conducted in which patients were randomly assigned to either placebo or no treatment [28][29][30]. The authors' goal was to study the clinical significance of placebos by discerning whether patients randomized to placebo under blind conditions have better outcomes than those randomized to no treatment.…”

Section: Best Evidence Clinician Behaviours and Patient Attitudes Tomentioning

confidence: 99%

Harnessing the placebo effect: the need for translational research

Colloca

Miller

2011

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

110

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Laboratory research recently has greatly enhanced the understanding of placebo and nocebo effects by identifying specific neuromodulators and brain areas associated with them. However, little progress has been made in translating this knowledge into improved patient care. Here, we discuss the limitations in our knowledge about placebo (and nocebo) effects and the need for translational research with the aim of guiding physicians in maximizing placebo effects and minimizing nocebo effects in their routine clinical practice. We suggest some strategies for how, when and why interventions to promote beneficial placebo responses might be administered in the clinical setting.

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“…A meta-analysis published by the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews in 2004 (Hróbjartsson & Gøtzsche, 2004) reported no evidence for important clinical effects from placebo interventions. Just six years later a follow-up meta-analysis (Hróbjartsson & Gøtzsche, 2010) found sufficient evidence to support the use of placebo as an effective treatment for pain.…”

Section: International Journal Of Transpersonal Studies 133 Placebo Rmentioning

confidence: 99%