“…A. Smith, 2002; Sobel, 2004), critical pedagogies of place (e.g., Gruenewald, 2003a), and eco-justice education (e.g., Martusewicz et al, 2014), because researchers in this field do not necessarily collect data specific to the places they are studying, consider the impact of local context in their analyses, or ground their work in spatial theories. Generally speaking, research on place-based education investigates whether and how studying place through a particular lesson, curricular unit, or program might affect student learning (e.g., Zimmerman & Weible, 2017), academic engagement (e.g., Howley et al, 2011; Powers, 2004), place attachment (e.g., Takano et al, 2009), sense of place (e.g., Azano, 2011), environmental stewardship (e.g., Gallay et al, 2016), civic engagement (e.g., Trinidad, 2011), awareness of injustice (e.g., Buxton, 2010; Rubel et al, 2016), or social change (e.g., Owens et al, 2011). This literature base is an important source of evidence as to whether and how engagement with place through teaching and learning has the potential to enhance young people’s academic and personal development and build stronger bonds between schools and communities.…”