PLA-PEKK-HAp-CS composite scaffold joining with friction stir spot welding

Kumar

Pawanpreet

et al. 2019

Self Cite

The almond skin powder is one of the biodegradable and biocompatible food wastes that can be used as reinforcement in polylactic acid (PLA) for preparation of biomedical scaffolds/implants (for high mechanical performance) by fused filament fabrication. The present study deals with the melt processing of almond skin powder as reinforcement from 0 wt% to 5 wt% in the PLA matrix by twin-screw extrusion process. The results of the study suggested that reinforcing the almond skin powder as 2.5 wt% in the PLA matrix mechanically strengthens the feedstock filaments but the increase in the proportion up to 5 wt% reduces the mechanical strength to a significant level. A similar trend has been observed in differential scanning calorimeter observations for thermal stability analysis. As regard to the rheological property is concerned, the melt flow index shows a significant reduction with reinforcement of almond skin powder in PLA. The results are also supported by photomicrographic analysis (for surface properties) and Taguchi-based optimization of twin-screw extrusion process parameters (for multifactor optimization).

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

On mechanical, thermal and morphological investigations of almond skin powder-reinforced polylactic acid feedstock filament

Kumar

Pawanpreet

et al. 2019

Self Cite

“…The results of the thermal analysis are in line with the previous studies for PLA thermoplastic composite matrix. 31–34…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[27][28][29] Some of the studies have suggested that particle reinforcement can be useful in thermoplastic recycling, scaffolds preparation and repair activities. [30][31][32] In one of the study, it has been established that ZnO reinforcement can tune the thermal, shape memory and mechanical properties of PLA thermoplastic. 33 But hitherto little has been reported on two-way programmed 3D-printed ZnO-reinforced PLA functional prototypes (prepared on commercial FDM set-up).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

On 3D-printed ZnO-reinforced PLA matrix composite: Tensile, thermal, morphological and shape memory characteristics

Kumar

et al. 2020

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The zinc oxide (ZnO)-reinforced polylactic acid (PLA) matrix has established shape memory characteristics. But hitherto little has been reported on two-way programmed 3D-printed ZnO-reinforced PLA functional prototypes (prepared on commercial fused deposition modelling (FDM) set-up). This article reports the effect of 3D printing process parameters on tensile, thermal, morphological and two-way programmed shape memory characteristics of ZnO-reinforced PLA-based functional prototypes. It has been ascertained that the maximum strength at peak (14.32 MPa) and maximum strength at break (12.89 MPa) were observed for sample printed at 80% infill density, four number of perimeters with triangular pattern. Maximum Young’s modulus (233.68 MPa) was observed for samples printed at 80% infill density and three perimeters with honeycomb pattern. Also, the maximum modulus of toughness (0.883 MPa) was observed in case of sample printed at 80% infill density, five perimeters with rectilinear pattern. Further based upon thermal analysis using differential scanning calorimetry, it has been ascertained that there is no significant effect of FDM process parameters on normalized heat capacity of functional prototype. As regards to two-way programmed specimens, it has been observed that the porosity of functional prototypes increase with 30 min immersion in water as stimulus at 70°C and it again decreases (regain) after 30 min exposure at atmospheric temperature. Contrary to this, the samples’ porosity values decrease with 30 min immersion in water at 10°C and regain after 30 min exposure at atmospheric temperature. Further some effect of shape memory has been noticed on functional prototypes volume and weight at two different temperatures.

“…The selection of reinforcement and matrix material weight proportion is based upon pilot experimentation and previous reported studies at Manufacturing Research Lab (Department of Production Engineering, GNDEC, Ludhiana (India). 26 In the present study, commercial FDM set-up (Make: Divide by zero, India) was used for printing of prototypes. Three parameters namely infill density ratio (in %), infill speed (mm s À1 ) and number of perimeters with three levels were selected based upon initial trial runs.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This work is an extension of previous reported studies conducted in Manufacturing Research Lab, Department of Production Engineering, GNDEC, Ludhiana (India) for in-house development of PLA-PEKK-HAp-CS composite as feedstock filament. 26 The tensile and compressive specimens were printed (as per ASTM D638 type IV and ASTM D695) with in-house prepared feedstock filament on commercial FDM set-up for further investigations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigations for tensile, compressive and morphological properties of 3D printed functional prototypes of PLA-PEKK-HAp-CS

et al. 2019

Self Cite

This article reports the experimental investigations for tensile, compressive and morphological properties of 3D printed functional prototypes composed of polylactic acid (PLA) reinforced with poly ether ketone ketone (PEKK), hydroxyapatite (HAp) and chitosan (CS). The PLA-PEKK-HAp-CS composite has wide applications as scaffolds in orthopaedics and clinical dentistry. The tensile and compressive specimens were printed (as per ASTM D638 type IV and ASTM D695) with in-house prepared feedstock filament on commercial fused deposition modelling setup by following Taguchi-based design of experiment. The results are also supported by hardness data and photomicrographs.