PK and PK/PD of doxycycline in drinking water after therapeutic use in pigs

Abstract

A commercial doxycycline formulation was administered in drinking water to 12 pigs at the recommended dose of 10 mg/kg daily for 5 days. The mean plasma concentration at steady-state was 1.37 +/- 1.21 microg/mL, which was reached at 68 +/- 27.2 h postadministration. Absorption and elimination half-life values were 7.20 +/- 2.42 and 7.01 +/- 2.10 h, respectively. Most plasma concentrations during dosing were higher than the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) described for the main porcine bacterial pathogens of the respiratory tract (Pasteurella multocida, Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae, Bordetella bronchiseptica and Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae). It is concluded that when pigs were treated with doxycycline in drinking water at the recommended rate, therapeutically effective concentrations were achieved throughout the treatment period, supporting the clinical use of this tetracycline in the control of respiratory infections. However, inter-animal differences were marked.

Pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of doxycycline in ostriches (Struthio camelus) at two different dose rates

“…Doxycycline reached a peak plasma concentration (C max ) of 1.35 µg/ml at 0.75 h after the IM injection. These results are in agreement with those reported for goats [2] and pigs [25] but lower than those reported for healthy East African dwarf goats [23]. The mean plasma concentration detected in ostrich plasma after the IM administration of doxycycline (15 mg/kg body weight) was higher than the MICs for Mycoplasma gallisepticum (0.2 µg/ml) [15], Mycoplasma Pneumoniae (< 0.5 µg/ml) [33], Bacteroides fragilis (0.016-0.032) [21], Staphylococcus aureus (0.25 µg/ml) [8], Streptococcus pneumoniae (< 0.4 µg/ml) [4], Streptococcus zooepidemicus (< 1.0 µg/ml) [8], Chlamydia psittaci (0.05-0.2 µg/ml) [9] and porcine bacterial respiratory tract pathogens ( Pasteurella multocida , Bordetella bronchiseotica , Actinobacillus pleyropneumoniae and Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae ) (0.016-2 µg/ml) [7,24].…”

“…Following a single IM dose, the t 1/2β (25.02 h) was higher than those reported in healthy East African dwarf goats [23], pigs [25] and non-lactating Egyptian goats [2]. Nevertheless, these results are lower from those reported in infected African dwarf goats [23].…”

“…Doxycycline is a semi-synthetic bacteriostatic tetracycline and a broad-spectrum antibiotic against Gram-negative and Gram-positive aerobic and anaerobic bacteria, Rickettsiae , Chlamydiae , Mycoplasmas and some protozoa [25,32]. In veterinary medicine, doxycycline is considered to be the corner stone of the treatment for respiratory, urinary and gastrointestinal tract diseases, on account of its pharmacological and pharmacokinetics properties compared with other antimicrobial agents [2,11].…”

“…Hence, the use of drugs in ostriches including the dosage regimen is based on the data obtained from other animal species [16]. The disposition kinetics of doxycycline has been examined in chicken [3], turkey [29], goat [17,23], calve [20] and pig [5,25] but not in ostriches. Therefore, this study examined the pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of doxycycline in domestic ostriches after a single intravenous (IV), intramuscular (IM) and oral dose.…”

In-House Validation of HPLC-MS/MS Methods for Detection and Quantification of Tetracyclines in Edible Tissues and Feathers of Broiler Chickens

“…Such a broad spectrum makes them especially valuable for the treatment of respiratory and digestive diseases. 1,2 Chlortetracycline (CTC) and oxytetracycline (OTC) were the first members of this family and their bioavailability varies from 30% for CTC to 60% for OTC, approximately. On oral administration, they are best absorbed during fasting and worst when ingested concurrently with calcium salts or aluminium hydroxide as these salts exhibit chelating properties.…”