PIV experiments and CFD simulations of liquid–liquid mixing in a planetary centrifugal mixer (PCM)

Shen, Baojun; Zhan, Xueying; Sun, Zhuang; He, Yu; Long, Jiecai; Li, Xiwen

doi:10.1016/j.ces.2022.117764

Cited by 10 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…Objective evaluation of fluid mixing effectiveness is typically based on several theoretical calculations, the most prevalent being the standard deviation approach. Standard deviation is a statistical concept used to measure the variability within data sets, and it can be applied to measure the degree of fluid mixing, where the mixing index can be expressed as follows [32,33]:…”

Section: Optimization Goal and Stepsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimization of G1 Micromixer Structure in Two-Fluid Mixing Based on CFD and Response Surface Methodology

Qin,

Lu,

et al. 2024

Processes

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Optimizing the structure of micromixers to improve the mixing efficiency is of great significance for chemical engineering and biology fields. In this study, an optimization of the microchannel in two liquids mixing is carried out based on computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and response surface methodology. Firstly, CFD simulations were performed to investigate the mixing flow field and mixing efficiency in the microchannel by considering different process and structure parameters (e.g., feed pressure p, microchannel width w). The response surface methodology was adopted to construct a fitting surface by CFD discrete working conditions. Then, an optimized microchannel width w was searched using the parallel particle swarm optimization (PPSO) algorithm from the response surface. Lastly, the searched optimum was validated by CFD simulation again, and the final result showed that the predicted mixing efficiency from the response surface model is well confirmed by CFD simulation. On average, the new optimized microchannel width of 1.634 mm performs higher flow flux and mixing efficiency than the original width of 1.5 mm, increasing 13.51% and 2.45%, respectively.

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Section: Optimization Goal and Stepsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimization of G1 Micromixer Structure in Two-Fluid Mixing Based on CFD and Response Surface Methodology

Qin,

Lu,

et al. 2024

Processes

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“…The resultant difficulties in effective blending and dispersion are overcome through the dual actions of centrifugal and tangential forces exerted by PCM. 19 This developed foam has a thick-walled (with an average thickness of 33 μm) and micropored (size below 55 μm) structure, exhibiting a normal cancellous bone-like morphology. Nanoscale dispersed conductive CBs are embedded within these thick walls, combined with the cancellous bone-like morphology, endowing the PU foam with ultra-high compressive strength (yield strength of 17.0 MPa) and energy absorption capacity [W v of 12.19 MJ/ m 3 , specific energy absorption (SEA) of 15.7 kJ/kg] that are comparable to the PMI porous materials and the lattice composite structures.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the foaming process, a specific amount of conductive carbon black (CB) (0–9 wt %) is incorporated, which causes a dramatic increase in system viscosity. The resultant difficulties in effective blending and dispersion are overcome through the dual actions of centrifugal and tangential forces exerted by PCM . This developed foam has a thick-walled (with an average thickness of 33 μm) and micropored (size below 55 μm) structure, exhibiting a normal cancellous bone-like morphology.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cancellous Bone-like Polyurethane Foam: A Porous Material with Excellent Properties for Ultra-high Energy Absorption

Tan,

Cai,

et al. 2024

ACS Appl. Polym. Mater.

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Compared to osteoporotic bone, normal cancellous bone exhibits greater resistance to impact and energy absorption. The Gibson−Ashby model of cellular structure reveals that the enhancement is attributed to a unique combination of the thick wall and small pores in porous materials. Inspired by this design concept, here, a cancellous bone-like PU foam was developed through the planetary centrifugal mixing (PCM) method. Different from previously reported high energy absorption materials, this porous material possesses a thick-wall (average thickness of 33 μm) and micropore (average size of less than 55 μm) morphology. The enlarged SEM image revealed the presence of nanoscale dispersed conductive carbon blacks embedded within the thick walls in a primary aggregate state. Furthermore, the Raman spectrometer provided additional insights into the interaction between carbon black and the PU matrix. This unique morphology was achieved by the dual actions of centrifugal and tangential forces exerted by PCM, whereby challenges in efficient mixing and dispersion of highly viscous material were successfully overcome. The unique microstructure endows the foam with ultra-high compressive strength (yield strength of 17.0 MPa) and energy absorption capacity (12.19 MJ/m 3 ), which are comparable to polyimide foam (3.31 MJ/m 3 ) and many lattice composite structures (5−14.07 MJ/m 3 ) that are well known for their high energy absorption properties. In addition to the impressive energy absorption capacity, excellent comprehensive properties, such as antistatic property (an electrical conductivity of 0.346 S/m), a low thermal conductivity (0.0274 W/m•K), and fast heating responsiveness (increase by 40 °C within 180 s), are also obtained in this foam. In contrast to the complex and costly approaches in fabricating ultra-high energy absorption materials, this simple and cost-effective method opens up an attractive way in obtaining high energy absorption material with excellent comprehensive properties by a onestep PCM procedure.

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“…Researchers conducted extensive studies on the flow characteristics and mixing performance inside the static mixer. − Visualization techniques are typically employed to perform flow field analysis in the mixer. − Jilisen et al conducted a quantitative experimental analysis on the three-dimensional flow field and streamline patterns of Q -type mixers using the three-dimensional particle tracking velocimetry technique. Lobry et al investigated the liquid–liquid dispersion behavior in SMV static mixers experimentally.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Numerical Study of Flow Field and Mixing Performance of a New Curved-Sheet Blade-Folded Static Mixer

Qiao,

Zheng,

Guo

et al. 2024

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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Mixing is an important unit of operation in the process industry. A static mixer is a device commonly used for liquid mixing in a pipe or channel. This study proposes a new curved-sheet blade-folded (CBF) static mixer. The CBF mixing element is characterized by folded blades arranged alternatively on both sides of a curved sheet. The features of the flow and mixing of two miscible liquids in the new CBF static mixer, e.g., velocity magnitude distribution, vortices, coefficient of variation, and extensional efficiency, are investigated by using computational fluid dynamics. It has shown that in terms of distributive mixing and dispersive mixing, the CBF performs better than the Kenics, Komax, and LPD static mixers. Compared to the other static mixers, the multicomponent system reaches full homogeneity within a short distance in the CBF static mixer. The radial motion of liquid induced by the vortices is attributed to the intensified mixing performance of the CBF static mixer. Furthermore, this study employs proper orthogonal decomposition to reconstruct the velocity and vorticity fields. It has been shown that the fundamental features of the mixing process can be characterized by the velocity and vorticity fields reconstructed by the first seven modes.

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PIV experiments and CFD simulations of liquid–liquid mixing in a planetary centrifugal mixer (PCM)

Cited by 10 publications

References 58 publications

Optimization of G1 Micromixer Structure in Two-Fluid Mixing Based on CFD and Response Surface Methodology

Optimization of G1 Micromixer Structure in Two-Fluid Mixing Based on CFD and Response Surface Methodology

Cancellous Bone-like Polyurethane Foam: A Porous Material with Excellent Properties for Ultra-high Energy Absorption

Numerical Study of Flow Field and Mixing Performance of a New Curved-Sheet Blade-Folded Static Mixer

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