The reproductive capacity of the female rat as determined by cyclic behaviour, ovulation rate and number of viable foetuses after 19 days of pregnancy has been studied in relation to nutrient intake. Reproductive capacity decreased with increase in the degree of nutrient restriction imposed, but unrestricted feeding for 12 hr immediately before the estimated time of ovulation significantly increased the ovulation rate (P<0\m=.\05)though not the number of viable foetuses of underfed rats.