Pituitary dimensions and volume measurements in pregnancy and post partum

Dinç, Hasan; Esen, Firuzan; Demırcı, Ali; Sarı, Ahmet Sinan; Gümele, Halit Reşit

doi:10.1080/02841859809172152

Cited by 72 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Correspondingly, the volume of the pituitary underlies pregnancy- and lactation-associated changes. Although the pituitary enlarges during the course of pregnancy, probably due to hyperplasia of PRL cells [62], it decreases up to eight month after delivery in humans [63–65] or, respectively, seven days after delivery in rodents [66–68], when the number of PRL cells reaches prepregnancy levels [69]. Similar effects have also been observed in the MPOA and SON of pregnant/lactating rats.…”

Section: Structural Functional and Molecular Plasticity Of The Bmentioning

confidence: 86%

The Maternal Brain: An Organ with Peripartal Plasticity

et al. 2014

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The time of pregnancy, birth, and lactation, is characterized by numerous specific alterations in several systems of the maternal body. Peripartum-associated changes in physiology and behavior, as well as their underlying molecular mechanisms, have been the focus of research since decades, but are still far from being entirely understood. Also, there is growing evidence that pregnancy and lactation are associated with a variety of alterations in neural plasticity, including adult neurogenesis, functional and structural synaptic plasticity, and dendritic remodeling in different brain regions. All of the mentioned changes are not only believed to be a prerequisite for the proper fetal and neonatal development, but moreover to be crucial for the physiological and mental health of the mother. The underlying mechanisms apparently need to be under tight control, since in cases of dysregulation, a certain percentage of women develop disorders like preeclampsia or postpartum mood and anxiety disorders during the course of pregnancy and lactation. This review describes common peripartum adaptations in physiology and behavior. Moreover, it concentrates on different forms of peripartum-associated plasticity including changes in neurogenesis and their possible underlying molecular mechanisms. Finally, consequences of malfunction in those systems are discussed.

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Section: Structural Functional and Molecular Plasticity Of The Bmentioning

confidence: 86%

The Maternal Brain: An Organ with Peripartal Plasticity

et al. 2014

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“…In earlier studies, an increase in pituitary volumes between 120 and 136% during pregnancy was found [6] (in comparison to nulliparous patients), with the largest volumes found immediately postpartum. A return to normal size between the first week and 6 months postpartum has been described [4,5]. Furthermore, an alteration of pituitary function by some drugs, which are frequently applied in late pregnancy, was found [13].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, hormone-related factors such as the intake of estrogens and pregnancy are known to influence pituitary morphology [4,5,6,7]. However, little is known about pituitary size variations with short-term, transient and long-term changes of the hormonal status in women.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Female Pituitary Size in Relation to Age and Hormonal Factors

Grams

Gempt²,

Stahl

et al. 2010

Neuroendocrinology

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Background: It is well known that pituitary volume decreases with age; little is known about the influences of female cycle, intake of oral contraceptives, number of given births and duration of menopause on pituitary morphology. Furthermore, these contexts have never been examined with 3-tesla MRI, from which a high spatial resolution is expected. Methods: Ninety-four women from 18 to 80 years (mean 64 years) had to answer a questionnaire concerning their cycle situation, menopause, hormone intake and childbirths before receiving a 3-tesla MRI scan (Achieva, Philips, N.V.), including a T₁-weighted TSE sequence of the sella turcica. Pituitary volumes and diameters were measured with the software iplan® (BrainLAB, Feldkirchen, Germany). Results: A significant reverse correlation was found between age and pituitary volume (p < 0.0001)/cranio-caudal diameter (p = 0.02). In addition, an age-independent influence of oral contraceptives was found, indicating smaller pituitary sizes with hormone intake (p = 0.003). Cycle phase, number of given births and onset or duration of menopause had no effects on pituitary size. Conclusion: Three-tesla MRI suggests that pituitary volume not only decreases with age, it also seems to be related to long-term hormonal changes such as intake of oral contraceptives.

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“…Pituitary apoplexy encompasses, but is not synonymous with, Sheehan's syndrome - a ischaemic infarction of the anterior pituitary gland resulting from postpartum haemorrhage 6. Profound postpartum hypotension is compounded by pituitary gland expansion of up to 136% by late pregnancy 7. Increase in size and associated changes in vascular supply and permeability may similarly precipitate haemorrhagic infarction during the antepartum period;5 8 however, these sequelae are rare and have only been documented in case reports 4 9…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An unexpected headache: pituitary apoplexy in a pregnant woman on anticoagulation

Watson¹

2015

BMJ Case Reports

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Pituitary apoplexy is a rare event in which the pituitary gland undergoes infarction or haemorrhage, most commonly in the setting of an underlying tumour. We report on apoplexy of an undiagnosed pituitary adenoma precipitated both by physiological enlargement of the pituitary in pregnancy and prophylactic anticoagulation from a history of deep vein thrombosis. The haemorrhage was managed conservatively without significant complications.

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Pituitary dimensions and volume measurements in pregnancy and post partum

Cited by 72 publications

References 12 publications

The Maternal Brain: An Organ with Peripartal Plasticity

The Maternal Brain: An Organ with Peripartal Plasticity

Female Pituitary Size in Relation to Age and Hormonal Factors

An unexpected headache: pituitary apoplexy in a pregnant woman on anticoagulation

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