Pithed Rat Preparation Suitable for Assaying Pressor Substances

Shipley, R. E.; Tilden, John H.

doi:10.3181/00379727-64-15828

Cited by 230 publications

(87 citation statements)

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“…Rabbits were anaesthetized with urethane (1.5 g/kg) given intravenously. Rats were injected with atropine (1 mg/200 g) and pithed by the method of Shipley & Tilden (1947). Blood pressure was recorded by a mercury manometer from a carotid artery and drugs were injected into a femoral or jugular vein.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tachyphylaxis to Some Sympathomimetic Amines in Relation to Monoamine Oxidase

Day¹,

Rand²

1963

British Journal of Pharmacology and Chemotherapy

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Tachyphylaxis to the effects of indirectly acting sympathomimetic amines has been studied on the blood pressure of the cat, rabbit and rat, on the cat spleen and nictitating membrane and on the rabbit heart. The pressor responses to tyramine and to phenethylamine declined slowly with repeated injection; the extent of tachyphylaxis induced by these amines depended on the dosage and on the frequency of injection. The pressor responses to a-methyltyramine and to dexamphetamine (a-methylphenethylamine) declined rapidly with successive injections. The tachyphylaxis induced by one indirectly acting sympathomimetic amine is crossed to others, but not to directly acting amines, such as noradrenaline. In animals treated with nialamide, a drug which inhibits monoamine oxidase, the tachyphylaxis induced by tyramine and by phenethylamine was similar to that produced by their a-methyl derivatives in normal animals. Similar results were obtained when the responses to indirectly acting sympathomimetic amines were studied on the cat spleen in situ and on the rabbit heart in vitro. Indirectly acting sympathomimetic amines impaired the responses of the cat nictitating membrane to sympathetic nerve stimulation; this effect was most evident with a-methylated amines.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tachyphylaxis to Some Sympathomimetic Amines in Relation to Monoamine Oxidase

Day¹,

Rand²

1963

British Journal of Pharmacology and Chemotherapy

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“…Pithed rat blood pressure Rats (150-350 g) were anaesthetized with ether, or with pentobarbitone (60 mg/kg intraperitoneally) and then pithed by the method of Shipley & Tilden (1947). Blood pressure was recorded from a carotid artery using a Condon's mercury manometer and drugs were injected into a cannulated jugular vein.…”

Section: Contractions Of the Nictitating Membranementioning

confidence: 99%

The Lack of Crossed Tachyphylaxis Between Tyramine and Some Other Indirectly Acting Sympathomimetic Amines

Day

1967

British Journal of Pharmacology and Chemotherapy

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“…The rats were not atropinized because halothane, unlike ether, did not cause mucous secretion. A cannula was inserted into the trachea, the rats were pithed as described by Shipley & Tilden (1947) and immediately put on artificial ventilation. A polyethylene cannula was inserted into a femoral vein for injecting drugs.…”

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confidence: 99%

RESPONSES OF THE RAT URINARY BLADDER IN SITU TO DRUGS AND TO NERVE STIMULATION

Vanov

1965

British Journal of Pharmacology and Chemotherapy

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The autonomic innervation of the urinary bladder has been studied extensively. Langley & Anderson (1895) first showed that stimulation of the pelvic nerves produced contraction of the bladder. Elliot (1907) reported considerable species differences in the innervation of the bladder. The responses of the urinary bladder of several mammalian species (dog, cat, rabbit and ring-tail possum) to drugs and to nerve stimulation have been investigated by Edmunds & Roth (1920), Henderson & Roepke (1935), Edge (1955), Ursillo & Clark (1956) and Burnstock & Campbell (1963).The present paper describes the actions of acetylcholine, nicotine, dimethylphenylpiperazinium and 5-hydroxytryptamine on the rat urinary bladder in situ. Responses of the bladder were elicited by stimulation of its motor nerves and compared with the responses produced by drugs. The results indicate that the autonomic innervation of the urinary bladder of the rat has characteristics of its own. METHODSRats of either sex weighing 180 to 250 g were used. They were anaesthetized by pouring a few drops of halothane on cotton wool in a Perspex box (dimensions 20 x 15 x 15 cm). Complete anaesthesia was obtained within 5 min. The rats were not atropinized because halothane, unlike ether, did not cause mucous secretion. A cannula was inserted into the trachea, the rats were pithed as described by Shipley & Tilden (1947) and immediately put on artificial ventilation. A polyethylene cannula was inserted into a femoral vein for injecting drugs. The blood pressure was recorded from a carotid artery with either a Condon manometer or a pressure transducer (Devices).The lower abdomen was opened along the midline, and the bladder exposed and detached from the prostate gland by blunt dissection. A thread attached to the vertex was fixed to a lever or to a straingauge for recording isotonic contractions, at a tension of 1.5 to 2 g, on a kymograph or a pen-recorder. Cotton-wool swabs soaked with warm saline were laid around the bladder to keep it warm and moist. The vesical nerves were stimulated by shielded platinum electrodes put underneath a ureter a few millimetres from the bladder. Rectangular pulses of 1 to 2 msec duration, and 5 to 10 V strength, generated from a Palmer electronic stimulator, were applied at a frequency of 10 or 20 shocks/sec, for 10 sec every 2 min.The hypogastric nerve was stimulated at about 1 cm from the bladder with pulses of 2 msec duration, 5 to 10 V strength and a frequency of 10 to 50 shocks/sec. In several experiments the right cervical vagus was stimulated. The stimuli applied were of the same duration, strength and frequency as those for the vesical nerves.The nerves were not cut, but stimulation was in effect only of centrifugal fibres, because the central nervous system in these animals had been destroyed by pithing.

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Pithed Rat Preparation Suitable for Assaying Pressor Substances

Cited by 230 publications

References 0 publications

Tachyphylaxis to Some Sympathomimetic Amines in Relation to Monoamine Oxidase

Tachyphylaxis to Some Sympathomimetic Amines in Relation to Monoamine Oxidase

The Lack of Crossed Tachyphylaxis Between Tyramine and Some Other Indirectly Acting Sympathomimetic Amines

RESPONSES OF THE RAT URINARY BLADDER IN SITU TO DRUGS AND TO NERVE STIMULATION

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