Pitch and Fourier magnitude based steganography for hiding 2.4 kbps MELP bitstream

Abstract

In this study, the authors present a new steganographic technique called random least significant bits of pitch and Fourier magnitude steganography (RLPFS). It is based on hiding a secret speech coded by mixed excitation linear prediction (MELP) speech coder in speech bitstream (cover signal), which is also encoded by MELP coder. First, the RLPFS leaks the hidden speech in the following modes: pitch‐based steganography, Fourier magnitude‐based steganography or both. These modes are selected randomly. Second, during transmission, the stego speech, the mode number, and the number of embedded bits would be transmitted either through a covert channel created in the transmission protocol or through the cover speech. In this work, the authors have dealt with the challenge of embedding a secret speech into a cover speech coded by a very low bit rate speech coder while maintaining a reasonable level of speech quality. They have shown that RLPFS was able to create hidden channels with maximum steganographic bandwidths up to 266.64 bit/s at the cost of a steganographic noise between 0.031 and 0.62 mean opinion score. Also, this study takes into account the security of the parameters, the synchronisation of the receiver to deal with a packet loss during transmission and the resistance of the proposed method against steganalysis.

Video surveillance using deep transfer learning and deep domain adaptation: Towards better generalization

“…Frequently, SER is similar to ASR but with a form recognition (FR) module. Additionally, ASR can be used in the SS domain, as a steganalytic process, to check the integrity of the speech [4,23].…”

“…. (15) Moving on, different frameworks, including [4,23,70] have utilized ASR principles as a steganalysis process and MOS-LQO as an assessment tool to check the integrity and/or the steganography quality-loss (SQ-Loss) between the original unprocessed speech and degraded speech version that has been passed through the steganography distorting system.…”

“…ASR takes into account (i) acoustic, lexical, and syntactic information; and (ii) semantic knowledge. Acoustic model (AM) processing includes speech coding [1], speech enhancement [2], source separation [2,3], speech security (e.g, steganography [4][5][6] and watermarking [7][8][9]), and other technologies that can all be used in audio analysis. On the other hand, semantic model (SM), commonly known in the literature as language model (LM) processing, includes all techniques of natural language processing (NLP).…”

LSB Data Hiding in Digital Media: A Survey

“…This method enhances capacity while maintaining good perceived speech quality. In [94], the so-called random LSB method (R-LSB) is used to hide a secret speech bitstream coded by a mixed excitation linear prediction (MELP) coder into the cover speech.…”

Medical Image Watermarking Techniques in the Transform Domain: A Review

“…The goal is that only the sender and recipient can extract the embedded confidential message [2]. To achieve this, data-hiding methods like digital watermarking, steganography and cryptography have been proposed [3]. These approaches aim to prevent unauthorized access to patient information contained in medical images as they are stored and shared [2].…”