Piscine orthoreovirus Genotype-1 (PRV-1) in Wild Pacific Salmon of British Columbia, Canada: 2011–2020

Turcotte, Lenora; Bradshaw, Julia; Polinski, Mark P.; Johnson, Stewart C.

doi:10.3390/fishes8050252

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 42 publications

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“…One major concern is pathogen release in rivers where juvenile salmonids may be infected since these may be particularly susceptible to infection and to develop disease with increased mortality. Previous studies have shown that wild juveniles in rivers in western Canada and Norway were infected with pathogens that may occur in salmon farming (Plarre et al., 2005; Turcotte et al., 2023). Our preliminary results from a study on salmonid juveniles show that PRV‐1 and PMCV infections occur in parr in Norwegian rivers (Madhun et al.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Most of the escaped farmed salmon entering a river during a 5‐year period were infected with one or more viruses

Madhun,

Karlsbakk,

Skaala

et al. 2024

Journal of Fish Diseases

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Disease interactions between farmed and wild populations have been poorly documented for most aquaculture species, in part due to the complexities to study this. Here, we tested 567 farmed Atlantic salmon escapees, captured in a Norwegian river during 2014–2018, for five viral infections that are prevalent in global salmonid aquaculture. Over 90% of the escapees were infected with one or more viruses. Overall prevalences were: 75.7% for piscine orthoreovirus (PRV‐1), 43.6% for salmonid alphavirus (SAV), 31.2% for piscine myocarditis virus (PMCV), 1.2% for infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV) and 0.4% for salmon anaemia virus (ISAV). A significantly higher prevalence of PMCV infection was observed in immature compared to mature individuals. The prevalence of both SAV and PMCV infections was higher in fish determined by fatty acid profiling to be ‘recent’ as opposed to ‘early’ escapees that had been in the wild for a longer period of time. This is the first study to establish a time‐series of viral infection status of escapees entering a river with a native salmon population. Our results demonstrate that farmed escapees represent a continuous source of infectious agents which could potentially be transmitted to wild fish populations.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Most of the escaped farmed salmon entering a river during a 5‐year period were infected with one or more viruses

Madhun,

Karlsbakk,

Skaala

et al. 2024

Journal of Fish Diseases

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Pathogens from salmon aquaculture in relation to conservation of wild Pacific salmon in Canada

Krkosek,

Bateman,

Bass

et al. 2024

Sci. Adv.

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The spread of pathogens from farmed salmon is a conservation concern for wild Pacific salmon in British Columbia (BC), Canada. Three pathogens are prevalent in farmed Atlantic salmon in BC, spill over to wild Pacific salmon, and are linked to negative impacts on wild salmon: Piscine orthoreovirus, Tenacibaculum spp., and sea lice ( Lepeophtheirus salmonis ). Molecular screening of infectious agents in farmed and wild salmon and environmental DNA highlights a further 4 agents that are likely elevated near salmon farms and 37 that co-occur in wild and farmed salmon. Pathogens likely affect wild salmon indirectly by mediating migration, competition, and predation. Current net-pen aquaculture practices pose these risks to numerous populations of all species of wild salmon in BC, most of which are not covered in Government of Canada science and advisory reports. Climate change, pathogen evolution, and changes to disease management and aquaculture regulations will influence future risks.

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Intrinsic and extrinsic factors associated with the spatio-temporal distribution of infectious agents in early marine Chinook and coho salmon

Bass,

Anderson,

Bateman

et al. 2024

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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Understanding the factors driving the spatial distribution of infectious agents in populations is key to predicting infectious agent distributions under future ecological and anthropogenic scenarios. We applied a geostatistical analysis to a data set of 59 infectious agents assayed in thousands of Chinook and coho salmon in their first marine year to identify intrinsic and extrinsic factors associated with the probability and density (infectious agent load) of infection. Meta-analysis of the pathogen-specific geostatistical models indicated that sea surface salinity was the extrinsic factor most frequently associated with infection probability and density for a majority of infectious agents. In addition, agents that were categorized as having a moderate risk of transmission from aquaculture to wild salmon were more likely to occur, and at higher infection densities, in fish collected closer to active aquaculture facilities. Although hypotheses pertaining to other intrinsic and extrinsic factors, including age at ocean entry, known hatchery origin, and sea surface temperature deviation, were not supported by the meta-analysis results, some individual agents demonstrated strong associations with these factors. Our results suggest that climate-change-driven shifts in coastal seawater salinity (and to a lesser extent, temperature) may result in changes to the infection dynamics of several infectious agents. In addition, our results contribute to existing evidence characterizing the risk of infectious agent transmission from netpen aquaculture to free-ranging salmon.

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Piscine orthoreovirus Genotype-1 (PRV-1) in Wild Pacific Salmon of British Columbia, Canada: 2011–2020

Cited by 3 publications

References 42 publications

Most of the escaped farmed salmon entering a river during a 5‐year period were infected with one or more viruses

Most of the escaped farmed salmon entering a river during a 5‐year period were infected with one or more viruses

Pathogens from salmon aquaculture in relation to conservation of wild Pacific salmon in Canada

Intrinsic and extrinsic factors associated with the spatio-temporal distribution of infectious agents in early marine Chinook and coho salmon

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