Piscine myocarditis virus (PMCV) in wild Atlantic salmon Salmo salar

Garseth, Åse Helen; Biering, Eirik; Tengs, Torstein

doi:10.3354/dao02536

Cited by 23 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…However, after only finding PMCV in 2 of 797 wild salmon sampled from fjords all over Norway, Garseth et al (2012) concluded that no strong link exists between PMCV in wild and farmed salmon. The isolate found in smelt was subsequently shown to be a genotype distinct from the one in salmon (Tengs & Böckerman 2012), which together with the absence of PMCV in the other wild fish species tested makes it less likely that wild fish play an important role as a reservoir for PMCV.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Haugland et al (2011) also succeeded in reproducing CMS in fish infected with the virus grown in cell culture, thereby establishing PMCV as the causal agent of CMS by fulfilling Koch's postulates. Since the identification of the infectious agent, PMCV has been found in wild Atlantic salmon and smelt Argentina silus (Böcker-man et al 2011, Garseth et al 2012. Now that the causal agent has been established, the lack of knowledge of potential risk factors for introduction of PMCV and outbreak of CMS has become even more evident.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Risk factors for cardiomyopathy syndrome (CMS) in Norwegian salmon farming

Jensen

Brun²,

Fineid³

et al. 2013

Dis. Aquat. Org.

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Cardiomyopathy syndrome (CMS) has been an economically important disease in Norwegian aquaculture since the 1990s. In this study, data on monthly production characteristics and case registrations were combined in a cohort study and supplemented with a questionnairebased case-control survey on management factors in order to identify risk factors for CMS. The cohort study included cases and controls from 2005 to 2012. From this dataset differences between all cases and controls were analyzed by a mixed effect multivariate logistic regression. From this we found that the probability of CMS increased with increasing time in the sea, infection pressure, and cohort size, and that cohorts which had previously been diagnosed with heart and skeletal muscle inflammation or which were in farms with a history of CMS in previous cohorts had double the odds of developing CMS. The model was then used to calculate the predicted value for each cohort from which additional data were obtained via the questionnaire-based survey and used as offset for calculating the probability of CMS in a semi-univariate analysis of additional risk factors. Finally, the model was used to calculate the probability of developing CMS in 100 different scenarios in which the cohorts were subject to increasingly worse conditions with regards to the risk factors from the dataset. We believe that this exercise is a good way of communicating the findings to farmers, so they can make informed decisions when trying to avoid CMS in their fish cohorts.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk factors for cardiomyopathy syndrome (CMS) in Norwegian salmon farming

Jensen

Brun²,

Fineid³

et al. 2013

Dis. Aquat. Org.

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“…), Chile (Godoy et al . ) and Canada (K. Miller, unpublished data), but whether the virus alone can cause the disease is still under debate (Garseth, Biering & Tengs ; Garver et al . ).…”

Section: Virusesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A survey of microparasites present in adult migrating Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) in south‐western British Columbia determined by high‐throughput quantitative polymerase chain reaction

Bass

Hinch

Teffer

et al. 2017

Journal of Fish Diseases

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Microparasites play an important role in the demography, ecology and evolution of Pacific salmonids. As salmon stocks continue to decline and the impacts of global climate change on fish populations become apparent, a greater understanding of microparasites in wild salmon populations is warranted. We used high-throughput, quantitative PCR (HT-qRT-PCR) to rapidly screen 82 adult Chinook salmon from five geographically or genetically distinct groups (mostly returning to tributaries of the Fraser River) for 45 microparasite taxa. We detected 20 microparasite species, four of which have not previously been documented in Chinook salmon, and four of which have not been previously detected in any salmonids in the Fraser River. Comparisons of microparasite load to blood plasma variables revealed some positive associations between Flavobacterium psychrophilum, Cryptobia salmositica and Ceratonova shasta and physiological indices suggestive of morbidity. We include a comparison of our findings for each microparasite taxa with previous knowledge of its distribution in British Columbia.

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“…PMCV is the causative agent of cardiomyopathy syndrome (CMS), which causes inflammatory heart disease, primarily in farmed and wild Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) [5,7,16,19]. The disease was first detected in Norway in 1985 and later was diagnosed in farmed Atlantic salmon in the Faeroe Islands in Scotland and in British Columbia, Canada [1,2,12,13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection and molecular characterization of a novel piscine-myocarditis-like virus from baitfish in the USA

Mor

Phelps

2016

Arch Virol

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During a survey of apparently healthy baitfish from the state of Minnesota, a novel piscine-myocarditis-like virus (PMCLV) was detected in golden shiners (Notemigonus crysoleucas). The nearly complete genome sequence is 5819 nt long, including a partial 5' untranslated region (UTR) of 100 nt. The sequence is divided into three ORFs: the complete ORF1 and ORF2, encoding proteins of 818 and 831 amino acids, respectively, and a partial ORF3 encoding 248 amino acids of the corresponding protein. This novel virus sequence was most closely related to piscine myocarditis virus (PMCV), with a 49.0 % and 58.2 % amino acid identity in the ORF1 (YP005481249)- and ORF2 (YP004581250)-encoded proteins, respectively. Six of 56 retail outlets (e.g., bait shops) were positive during the 2014-2015 survey, indicating a 10.7 % prevalence of the novel virus in this population of golden shiners. Currently, there is no disease that is known to be associated with this virus.

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Piscine myocarditis virus (PMCV) in wild Atlantic salmon Salmo salar

Cited by 23 publications

References 14 publications

Risk factors for cardiomyopathy syndrome (CMS) in Norwegian salmon farming

Risk factors for cardiomyopathy syndrome (CMS) in Norwegian salmon farming

A survey of microparasites present in adult migrating Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) in south‐western British Columbia determined by high‐throughput quantitative polymerase chain reaction

Detection and molecular characterization of a novel piscine-myocarditis-like virus from baitfish in the USA

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