PISCES-v2: an ocean biogeochemical model for carbon and ecosystem studies

Aumont, Olivier; Éthé, Christian; Tagliabue, Alessandro; Bopp, Laurent; Gehlen, Marion

doi:10.5194/gmdd-8-1375-2015

Cited by 166 publications

(338 citation statements)

References 260 publications

(241 reference statements)

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“…We conducted twelve 500-year simulations with the PISCES model [25] as described in Resing et al [24] that are detailed in table 1. The first four experiments included a control experiment with the flux of hydrothermal Fe only (CTL), a 10-fold increase in hydrothermal Fe flux (CTL-10), no hydrothermal Fe flux (CTL-NOHYD) and an equimolar flux of iron and iron-binding ligands (CTL-L).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Impact of hydrothermalism on the ocean iron cycle

Tagliabue

2016

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A.

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As the iron supplied from hydrothermalism is ultimately ventilated in the iron-limited Southern Ocean, it plays an important role in the ocean biological carbon pump. We deploy a set of focused sensitivity experiments with a state of the art global model of the ocean to examine the processes that regulate the lifetime of hydrothermal iron and the role of different ridge systems in governing the hydrothermal impact on the Southern Ocean biological carbon pump. Using GEOTRACES section data, we find that stabilization of hydrothermal iron is important in some, but not all regions. The impact on the Southern Ocean biological carbon pump is dominated by poorly explored southern ridge systems, highlighting the need for future exploration in this region. We find inter-basin differences in the isopycnal layer onto which hydrothermal Fe is supplied between the Atlantic and Pacific basins, which when combined with the inter-basin contrasts in oxidation kinetics suggests a muted influence of Atlantic ridges on the Southern Ocean biological carbon pump. Ultimately, we present a range of processes, operating at distinct scales, that must be better constrained to improve our understanding of how hydrothermalism affects the ocean cycling of iron and carbon. This article is part of the themed issue ‘Biological and climatic impacts of ocean trace element chemistry’.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Fe is lost via particle scavenging of free Fe, as well as colloidal pumping/aggregation with a variable colloidal Fe fraction [24]. Phytoplankton have a flexible requirement for Fe and Fe limitation of growth follows a quota model approach where the required demand varies in response to their growth environment [25].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of hydrothermalism on the ocean iron cycle

Tagliabue

2016

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A.

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“…As this study focuses on POC, we briefly describe the standard parameterisation used in PISCES to model the evolution of this carbon pool. For more information, the reader is referred to the complete description of PISCES-v2 presented in Aumont et al (2015). The two size classes of POC correspond to small slow-sinking POC (sPOC) and large fastsinking POC (bPOC).…”

Section: The Biogeochemical Global Ocean Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variable reactivity of particulate organic matter in a global ocean biogeochemical model

et al. 2017

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Abstract. The marine biological carbon pump is dominated by the vertical transfer of particulate organic carbon (POC) from the surface ocean to its interior. The efficiency of this transfer plays an important role in controlling the amount of atmospheric carbon that is sequestered in the ocean. Furthermore, the abundance and composition of POC is critical for the removal of numerous trace elements by scavenging, a number of which, such as iron, are essential for the growth of marine organisms, including phytoplankton. Observations and laboratory experiments have shown that POC is composed of numerous organic compounds that can have very different reactivities. However, this variable reactivity of POC has never been extensively considered, especially in modelling studies. Here, we introduced in the global ocean biogeochemical model NEMO-PISCES a description of the variable composition of POC based on the theoretical reactivity continuum model proposed by Boudreau and Ruddick (1991). Our model experiments show that accounting for a variable lability of POC increases POC concentrations in the ocean's interior by 1 to 2 orders of magnitude. This increase is mainly the consequence of a better preservation of small particles that sink slowly from the surface. Comparison with observations is significantly improved both in abundance and in size distribution. Furthermore, the amount of carbon that reaches the sediments is increased by more than a factor of 2, which is in better agreement with global estimates of the sediment oxygen demand. The impact on the major macronutrients (nitrate and phosphate) remains modest. However, iron (Fe) distribution is strongly altered, especially in the upper mesopelagic zone as a result of more intense scavenging: vertical gradients in Fe are milder in the upper ocean, which appears to be closer to observations. Thus, our study shows that the variable lability of POC can play a critical role in the marine biogeochemical cycles which advocates for more dedicated in situ and laboratory experiments.

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“…Physical and biogeochemical forcing fields were used, taken from the NEMO-PISCES ocean model (Aumont et al, 2015), with at-age skipjack tuna habitat fields calculated from a tuna-forage sub-model (Lehodey et al, 2010). Forcing fields were at a 1°× 1°resolution and updated at monthly intervals assumed to be 30 days, beginning in February and running for five years.…”

Section: Model Implementationmentioning

confidence: 99%

An individual-based model of skipjack tuna ( Katsuwonus pelamis ) movement in the tropical Pacific ocean

Phillips

Gupta

Senina

et al. 2018

Progress in Oceanography

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The distribution of marine species is often modeled using Eulerian approaches, in which changes to population density or abundance are calculated at fixed locations in space. Conversely, Lagrangian, or individual-based, models simulate the movement of individual particles moving in continuous space, with broader-scale patterns such as distribution being an emergent property of many, potentially adaptive, individuals. These models offer advantages in examining dynamics across spatiotemporal scales and making comparisons with observations from individual-scale data.Here, we introduce and describe such a model, the Individual-based Kinesis, Advection and Movement of Ocean ANimAls model (Ikamoana), which we use to replicate the movement processes of an existing Eulerian model for marine predators (the Spatial Ecosystem and Population Dynamics Model, SEAPODYM). Ikamoana simulates the movement of either individual or groups of animals by physical ocean currents, habitat-dependent stochastic movements (kinesis), and taxis movements representing active searching behaviours.Applying our model to Pacific skipjack tuna (Katsuwonus pelamis), we show that it accurately replicates the evolution of density distribution simulated by SEAPODYM with low time-mean error and a spatial correlation of density that exceeds 0.96 at all times. We demonstrate how the Lagrangian approach permits easy tracking of individuals' trajectories for examining connectivity between different regions, and show how the model can provide independent estimates of transfer rates between commonly used assessment regions. In particular, we find that retention rates in most assessment regions are considerably smaller (up to a factor of 2) than those estimated by this population of skipjack's primary assessment model. Moreover, these rates are sensitive to ocean state (e.g. El Nino vs La Nina) and so assuming fixed transfer rates between regions may lead to spurious stock estimates. A novel feature of the Lagrangian approach is that individual schools can be tracked through time, and we demonstrate that movement between two assessment regions at broad temporal scales includes extended transits through other regions at finer-scales.Finally, we discuss the utility of this modeling framework for the management of marine reserves, designing effective monitoring programmes, and exploring hypotheses regarding the behaviour of hard-to-observe oceanic animals.

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PISCES-v2: an ocean biogeochemical model for carbon and ecosystem studies

Cited by 166 publications

References 260 publications

Impact of hydrothermalism on the ocean iron cycle

Impact of hydrothermalism on the ocean iron cycle

Variable reactivity of particulate organic matter in a global ocean biogeochemical model

An individual-based model of skipjack tuna ( Katsuwonus pelamis ) movement in the tropical Pacific ocean

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