piRNA: A promising biomarker in early detection of gastrointestinal cancer

Mojarad, Melika Ameli; Mojarad, Mandana Ameli; Shojaee, Bahador; Nazemalhosseini‐Mojarad, Ehsan

doi:10.1016/j.prp.2021.153757

Cited by 22 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…In contrast, piR-823 expression was found to negatively correlate with GC progression, indicating its tumor-suppressing function. 540 There have been reports that the piRNA/PIWI complex regulates STAT and AKT pathways in colorectal cancer and liver cancer; 541 however, these interactions have not yet been reported in GC.…”

Section: Signaling Pathways In Gastric Cancer and Therapeutic Implica...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Signaling pathways and therapeutic interventions in gastric cancer

Lei

Teng

Chen

et al. 2022

Sig Transduct Target Ther

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Gastric cancer (GC) ranks fifth in global cancer diagnosis and fourth in cancer-related death. Despite tremendous progress in diagnosis and therapeutic strategies and significant improvements in patient survival, the low malignancy stage is relatively asymptomatic and many GC cases are diagnosed at advanced stages, which leads to unsatisfactory prognosis and high recurrence rates. With the recent advances in genome analysis, biomarkers have been identified that have clinical importance for GC diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis. Modern molecular classifications have uncovered the vital roles that signaling pathways, including EGFR/HER2, p53, PI3K, immune checkpoint pathways, and cell adhesion signaling molecules, play in GC tumorigenesis, progression, metastasis, and therapeutic responsiveness. These biomarkers and molecular classifications open the way for more precise diagnoses and treatments for GC patients. Nevertheless, the relative significance, temporal activation, interaction with GC risk factors, and crosstalk between these signaling pathways in GC are not well understood. Here, we review the regulatory roles of signaling pathways in GC potential biomarkers, and therapeutic targets with an emphasis on recent discoveries. Current therapies, including signaling-based and immunotherapies exploited in the past decade, and the development of treatment for GC, particularly the challenges in developing precision medications, are discussed. These advances provide a direction for the integration of clinical, molecular, and genomic profiles to improve GC diagnosis and treatments.

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Section: Signaling Pathways In Gastric Cancer and Therapeutic Implica...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Signaling pathways and therapeutic interventions in gastric cancer

Lei

Teng

Chen

et al. 2022

Sig Transduct Target Ther

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Early detection and rapid evaluation of the progress of an acute cardiovascular disease or highly fatal cancer provide a valuable reference for future treatment [ 263 , 264 , 381 , 382 ]. The expression of piRNA, a newly discovered small ncRNA, shows a statistically significant correlation between serum or body fluids and disease [ 383 – 385 ]. In this section, we summarize the potential applications of piRNA in clinical applications (Tables 4 and 5 ).…”

Section: Biosynthesis and Basic Functions Of Pirnasmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel roles of PIWI proteins and PIWI-interacting RNAs in human health and diseases

Wu,

Yu,

Zhang

et al. 2023

Cell Commun Signal

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Non-coding RNA has aroused great research interest recently, they play a wide range of biological functions, such as regulating cell cycle, cell proliferation, and intracellular substance metabolism. Piwi-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) are emerging small non-coding RNAs that are 24–31 nucleotides in length. Previous studies on piRNAs were mainly limited to evaluating the binding to the PIWI protein family to play the biological role. However, recent studies have shed more lights on piRNA functions; aberrant piRNAs play unique roles in many human diseases, including diverse lethal cancers. Therefore, understanding the mechanism of piRNAs expression and the specific functional roles of piRNAs in human diseases is crucial for developing its clinical applications. Presently, research on piRNAs mainly focuses on their cancer-specific functions but lacks investigation of their expressions and epigenetic modifications. This review discusses piRNA’s biogenesis and functional roles and the recent progress of functions of piRNA/PIWI protein complexes in human diseases.

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“…piRNA is a relatively new field of study, but recent findings have uncovered its crucial role in disease development. Specifically, piRNAs are involved in the regulation of gene expression, which can lead to the abnormal growth and spread of cancer cells [26]. Several publications have established piRNAs' role in carcinogenesis [27][28][29].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interactions of piRNAs with the mRNA of Candidate Genes in Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Rakhmetullina,

Akimniyazova,

Niyazova

et al. 2023

CIMB

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Recently, a database of human piRNAs (piwi-interacting RNAs) was created, which allows the study of the binding of many piRNAs to the mRNAs of genes involved in many diseases, including cancer. In the present work, we identified the piRNAs that can interact with candidate esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) genes. The binding of 480 thousand piRNAs with the mRNAs of 66 candidate ESCC genes was studied. Bioinformatic studies found that piRNAs bind only to the mRNAs of nine candidate genes: AURKA, BMP7, GCOM1, ERCC1, MTHFR, SASH1, SIX4, SULT1A1, and TP53. It has been shown that piRNAs can bind to mRNA by overlapping nucleotide sequences in limited 3′UTR and 5′UTR regions called clusters of binding sites (BSs). The existence of clusters of piRNA BSs significantly reduces the proportion of the nucleotide sequences of these sites in the mRNA of target genes. Competition between piRNAs occurs for binding to the mRNA of target genes. Individual piRNAs and groups of piRNAs that have separate BSs and clusters of BSs in the mRNAs of two or more candidate genes have been identified in the mRNAs of these genes. This organization of piRNAs BSs indicates the interdependence of the expression of candidate genes through piRNAs. Significant differences in the ability of genes to interact with piRNAs prevent the side effects of piRNAs on genes with a lack of the ability to bind such piRNAs. Individual piRNAs and sets of piRNAs are proposed and recommended for the diagnosis and therapy of ESCC.

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piRNA: A promising biomarker in early detection of gastrointestinal cancer

Cited by 22 publications

References 53 publications

Signaling pathways and therapeutic interventions in gastric cancer

Signaling pathways and therapeutic interventions in gastric cancer

Novel roles of PIWI proteins and PIWI-interacting RNAs in human health and diseases

Interactions of piRNAs with the mRNA of Candidate Genes in Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma

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